The author of article proves that in the era of the globalization the institutional order of national economy is influenced by the distorted competition which results in domination of the managers and technicians of great corporations. It is their businesses that define the economic policy. In the world of asymmetric information, oligopolistic competition, political market and progressive commercialization of the axiological sphere the rules of thinking and acting are merely reduced to the strategy of self-advantage. This situation results in ineffective institutional protection at the global, regional and national levels. To remove social inequalities effectively it is necessary to have control over the dominating groups in society and to develop coherent norms of institutional protection. There is also a need for the development of human capital and its modernization as a common notion of moral values of society and the individual.
Genetically modified food is one of the most problematic areas of cooperation among countries. The numerous controversies associated with its cultivation and introduction on different markets prompted the author to reflect on this issue. The aim of the publication is to identify the essence of genetically modified food and to indicate the extent of its use in today’s world economy. Therefore, legal regulations on genetically modified organisms in individual countries were analysed, with particular emphasis on Poland. In addition, the reasons of the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food production were indicated, as well as the risks associated with it. The descriptive method and the analysis of the literature were used during the preparation of the study. As one can notice, the widespread reluctance of many societies, including Polish one, towards consuming genetically modified food is fuelled by world anti-globalisation movements, which background is primarily constituted by the criticism of decisions taken by transnational corporations (TNC). It can be assumed that potential benefits for human activity which can be brought by modern, GMOs-using technology and growing problems of global nature – in recent years especially the problem of maintaining food security – are factors determining the necessity of deepening knowledge on the utilisation of GMOs in various spheres of life, in food production particularly. The strategic significance of GMOs seems to be indicated by the growing interest in agricultural biotechnology of China and of the European Union itself (although the share of the latter in the whole world crops is marginal). They gradually move in the direction of creating bioeconomy based on spreading innovations, also in the agri-food sector.
The subject of the article is the problem of presence of the idea of sustainable development in contemporary education. The idea of sustainable development seems to be the most important formula, which covers the ethics of global responsibility for the world. The subject of the reflection are conflicts between the teleology of ethical imperative of human responsibility for the world and the teleology of individual utilitarism of contemporary education.
Morality, besides being a form of regulation of human behavior, is also a form of spiritual cognition, having its specific features in each spiritual tradition, either philo-sophical or religious. Nowadays the humankind tends to forget about the Plato spiritual archetype of Goodness, Truth, and Beauty, united by the eidos of “χάρις” or “αγαθόν,” which in Russian orthodox culture long ago has been turned into the triad Truth, Virtue and Beauty united by Love. Recently, the person tends to lose his humaneness; the current spiritual crisis is of menacing scale and depth. It is necessary to reveal mutual universal values in order to stop any kind of violence. To realize this task, the author tries to investigate common features of spiritual cognition in different cultures and to suggest a universal dimension of the spiritual phenomenon of faith, founding the ethics of “openness to Being.”
The world is currently facing many changes, not only technological ones, but also economical and geopolitical changes as well as those in the way of thinking. We must bear in mind that every change creates new opportunities as well as challenges. Without doubt the key to shaping the future should be creativity and imagination. It is equally important to skillfully use the opportunities that technology brings, so as to acquire new knowledge and create new values, by creating connections between people and objects and between worlds – real and virtual. It gives new opportunities for seeking and finding effective ways of solving problems in society, creating better living conditions, as well as maintaining proper economic growth. However, for the above to be possible, it is necessary to overcome various types of barriers and obstacles, which should be facilitated by the inclusion of many diverse stakeholders (on many levels), so that a shared vision of the future may be created. The idea of Society 5.0 is not a utopian vision of the future, but it is a concept that shows one version of the future to which the World, or at least its richer part, is heading. The article presents the basic assump ons of the title idea, and due to the broadness of the issue, typically technical issues are deliberately omitted.
PL
Świat stoi obecnie w obliczu wielu zmian – nie tylko technologicznych, lecz także gospodarczych i geopolitycznych oraz tych w sposobie myślenia i światopoglądzie. Musimy mieć na uwadze, że każda zmiana stwarza nowe możliwości oraz wyzwania. Bez wątpienia kluczem do kształtowania przyszłości powinna być kreatywność i wyobraźnia. Równie ważnym jest, aby umiejętnie i w pełni wykorzystać szanse jakie niesie za sobą rozwój technologii, tak aby pozyskiwać nową wiedzę i tworzyć nowe wartości, kreując połączenia między ludźmi a przedmiotami oraz między światami – rzeczywistym i wirtualnym. Daje to nieznane dotąd możliwości poszukiwania i znajdowania skutecznych oraz efektywnych sposobów rozwiązywania problemów w społeczeństwie, tworzenia lepszych warunków życia, a także utrzymania właściwego wzrostu gospodarczego. Jednak aby powyższe było możliwe, niezbędne jest przezwyciężenie różnego rodzaju barier i przeszkód, czemu powinno służyć włączenie wielu, różnorodnych interesariuszy (na różnych poziomach), tak by powstała współdzielona wizja przyszłości. Idea Społeczeństwa 5.0 nie stanowi jej utopijnego wyobrażenia, ale jest konceptem, który pokazuje jedną z wersji do której świat – a przynajmniej jego bogatsza część – zmierza. W artykule zostały zaprezentowane podstawowe założenia tytułowej idei – z racji obszerności celowo pominięto zagadnienia i kwes e typowo techniczne.
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