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EN
The purpose of this study is to present selected aspects of complex issues of transformations in the public administration system of Ukraine, and changes of administrative law in the context of the European integration process. The author, on the one hand, points to new possible duties of public administration bodies created by the European integration process, and, on the other hand, raises attention to new challenges facing the public administration reform, in particular in the candidate states to the European Union, such as Ukraine. The author establishes strong links between the public administration reform and the European integration process. It is of great importance if an aspiring EU member is to prepare its administration well for the challenges of EU membership.
EN
The essay analyses the ideological message of Giovanni Villani’s Nuova Cronica. Rather than a cohesive theory of good governance, the Florentine chronicler shows scattered images, and in the comments added to the events described he makes explicit what political virtues and inadequacies he considered crucial. Insofar as the earlier books seem to have been inspired by the Roman republican ethos and the Franciscan cult of paucity preached by Dante, he focuses in the final section mostly on the citizens’ internal disposition: their expected attitude would be to hold the Commune in magnanimous love. Villani discerns between the virtues of citizens and those of the rulers, with whom discretion and prudence, rendering political practice efficient, is paramount; such prudence is easier to find with affluent burghers than good artisans. The superior value that ought to be sought through the citizens activities, in the area of policymaking and not only, is the grandeur of their Commune.
EN
In 1339, Ambrogio Lorenzetti completed a series of frescoes depicting the Allegory of Good Government, the Consequences of Good Government and the Allegory of Bad Government adorning the Sala della Pace in Sienese Palazzo Publico. The first fresco can be read as a philosophical treatise depicting the values that should guide rulers to ensure peace and harmony among their subjects. Particularly evident is the role of justice (aequitas), the source of which is wisdom, and which leads to harmony among citizens. Justice is also presented as one of the virtues of rulers. The uniqueness of this work lies not only in its universal and still relevant message, but also in its depiction of an ideal city in which citizens are primarily occupied with work.
PL
W 1339 roku Ambrogio Lorenzetti ukończył cykl fresków ukazujących Alegorię dobrych rządów, Skutki dobrych rządów oraz Alegorię złych rządów zdobiące Sale Pokoju Palazzo Publico w Sienie. Pierwszy z nich odczytywać można jako traktat filozoficzny obrazujący wartości, jakimi kierować powinni są rządzący, aby zapewnić pokój i harmonię wśród swych poddanych. Szczególnie widoczna jest rola sprawiedliwości (aequitas) której źródłem jest mądrość, i która prowadzi do zgody wśród obywateli. Sprawiedliwość przedstawiona jest także jako jedna z cnót rządzących. Wyjątkowość tego dzieła polega nie tylko na jego uniwersalnym i nadal aktualnym przesłaniu, ale także na przedstawieniu idealnego miasta, w którym obywatele przede wszystkim zajmują się pracą.
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