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The household of an Egyptian dignitary – the case of Ptahshepses

100%

Nováková V.

Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

2017

issue 19

95-109

The Old Kingdom tomb images have been frequently studied, especially on the basis of their orientation and content in relation to tomb architecture; and also theoretical and methodical aspects of their interpretation have been scrutinized. This paper aims to focus on the specific sociological perspective of the tomb reliefs, which has not yet been elaborated. The author of this study concentrates on the identified individuals in the tomb of Ptahshepses – a vizier from the time of Nyuserre and husband of his daughter, Khamerernebty. An analysis of the titles given to particular persons portrayed on the walls, as well as an examination of the social hierarchy reflected in the scenes, was undertaken in order to reconstruct the vizieral household/court and to present possible interpretations of its composition. The data from a large corpus of mason’s marks preserved herein, which includes personal names and titles, is also taken into account, enabling to record a more complex and precise image of the society at that time.

X͞E MAPIA. Graffito z Groty Zwiastowania w kontekście historyczno–teologicznym

94%

Paczkowski M.

Vox Patrum

2021

vol. 80

269-302

The article presents the history of the Grotto of the Annunciation from the earliest manifestations of the cult. We then focus on the meaning of the graffito X͞E MAPIA from Nazareth. The documentation concerning the inscription in question was examined. Thanks to the graffiti you can see the peculiar Christian memory concerning the person of the Virgin Mary and the annunciation. The grotto of the Annunciation underwent many changes over the centuries. Numerous architectural elements that are part of these older buildings were discovered out of position, showing religious symbols and graffiti, among which a special value assumes the graffito „Hail Mary”. In reality, it is a sure historical document of the Marian cult before the council of Ephesus of the slightly later context. In the first centuries of the Church, the words of the angelic greeting were reread in different perspectives, revealing a multiplicity of interpretative nuances. They are not just a simple greeting, but an invitation to joy, then they announce the newness of the times and the new saving economy. The same words become prayer addressed to Mary and are connected with the various Marian titles and liturgical expressions.

W artykule zostaje przedstawiona historia kultu miejsca Zwiastowania, począwszy od pierwszych jego przejawów. Kolejna część opracowania skupia się na znaczeniu graffito X͞E MAPIA. Wzięto pod uwagę dokumentację odnoszącą się do analizowanej inskrypcji. Dzięki analizowanemu graffito można przyśledzić pobożność chrześcijańską odnoszącą się do osoby Dziewicy Maryi i tajemnicy Zwiastowania. Analizowany dokument epigraficzny jest pewnym dowodem historycznym na kult maryjny w Nazarecie przed soborem Efeskim lub krótko po nim. W pierwszych wiekach Kościoła słowa Łk 1,28 były odczytywane w różnych perspektywach, ujawniając równorodność odcieni interpretacyjnych. „Witaj, Maryjo” nie było tylko zwykłym pozdrowieniem, lecz zaproszeniem do radości, objawieniem pełni czasów i dzieła zbawienia. Te same słowa stają się modlitwą kierowaną ku Maryi i wiążą się z Jej tytułami oraz praktykami liturgicznymi.

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1 Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

1 Vox Patrum

1 Nováková V.

1 Paczkowski M.

1 2021

1 2017

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The household of an Egyptian dignitary – the case of Ptahshepses

X͞E MAPIA. Graffito z Groty Zwiastowania w kontekście historyczno–teologicznym