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EN
Belorussian-Lithuanian chronicles are very important in the literature of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They were gradually modified from annual records to narrative forms, which made them similar to West-European chronicles. The analysis of the praesens historicum forms in two 16th-century chronicles: the Suprasl chronicle and Raczynski`s chronicle was made in the article. Both texts contain examples of the praesens historicum forms which very often appear in abundant forms of the past tense. The examples of the praesens historicum forms in plural shown in both chronicles deny one of the theories of the praesens historicum originating from the aorist. There are also other theories explaining the origin of the praesens historicum but they do not fully clarify this issue.
XX
1968 saw the publication of Józefa Kobylińska’s monograph entitled Rozwój form dopełniacza liczby pojedynczej rzeczowników rodzaju męskiego w języku polskim [The development of the forms of the genitive singular of masculine nouns in the Polish language]. Whoever intends to write about the Polish masculine genitive singular cannot neglect this publication, especially so because the selection of the endings -a and -u still poses a problem for modern Poles. The author of the article intends to supplement the fragments of the monograph which refer to the sources of the vacillations in the selection of endings. She puts forward a thesis that the source of the ending -u in the genitive was not only the 2nd declension but also the forms of the dative of the 1st declension. The author continues to ask, why the ending -a was preserved by animate nouns. It turns out that among all the functions of the genitive (genetivus qualitatis, genetivus partitivus, genetivus absolutus) Saxon genitive was the prevailing one; a noun in the genitive indicated the possessor, and the latter was a person, less frequently an animal. Possessive form expressed by the dative (cf. Bogu rodzica) was not pure, it frequently connoted an existential function.
EN
After fifty years. Once again about the Polish genitive of the first person singular
PL
Od XI wieku w niektórych staroruskich ewangelicznych rękopisach używano form bezokoliczników po czasownikach ruchu do określenia celu, podczas gdy supinum w tym samym zdaniu występowało w innych kopiach ewangelicznych. Wydaje się, że ten fakt związany jest ze stopniową utratą tej formy w języku staroruskim, ale na tle poprawnego używania supinum w oryginalnych tekstach taka niestabilność może być odziedziczona z pisarstwa starobułgarskiego. Porównanie staroruskich rękopisów ewangelicznych różnych typów (tetraevangelia, krótkie i pełne lekcjonarze) ze starobułgarskimi pomaga rozwiązać ten problem. Analiza porównawcza pokazuje, po pierwsze, że supinum może być zastąpione bezokolicznikiem w staroruskim rękopisie Ewangelii tylko w niewielkiej liczbie przypadków (w przybliżeniu ⅓), a po drugie, że konteksty pozwalają na utratę formy supinum głównie w tych samych wersetach, co w starobułgarskim. Proces ten zależy ponadto od typu rękopisu ewangelicznego, istnieją bowiem przykłady zawierające pełne lekcjonarze z bezokolicznikiem w tej samej perykopie, w której krótkie lekcjonarze mają bardziej archaiczne supinum. Ta korelacja pozwala przypuszczać, że tekst Ewangelii w staroruskich rękopisach zachowuje supinum, które występuje w starosłowiańskich rękopisach z X i początku XI w.
EN
Since the 11th century, some Old Russian Gospel manuscripts use infinitive forms after verbs of motion to specify purpose, while the supine in the proper context is used in other Gospel copies. This fact seems to be associated with the gradual loss of this form in Old Russian; but, against the background of the correct usage of the supine in the original texts, such instability could be inherited from the Old Bulgarian writing. A comparison of Old Russian Gospel copies of various types (tetraevangelia, short and complete lectionaries) with Old Bulgarian usage helps to resolve this problem. It shows, firstly, that a supine can be replaced by an infinitive in Old Russian Gospel manuscripts in a small number of cases (about ⅓), and secondly, that the contexts allow the loss of the supine form mostly in the same verses as in the Old Bulgarian; besides this, it depends on the type of the Gospel manuscript: there are examples where complete lectionaries have an infinitive in the same pericope in which short lectionaries have a more archaic supine. This correlation allows one to assume that the text of the Gospel in the Old Russian recension preserves the state of the supine in which it existed in the South Slavic manuscripts of the 10th and early 11th centuries.
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