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EN
This paper analyses the category of gender for nouns borrowed into Polish and Russian languages. Empirical base for the research are lexemes borrowed from Greek and Latin languages with or without intermediary function of the Western European languages. The units are divided according to symmetry and asymmetry occurring within this category. The research has identified the most characteristic manners and models in which borrowings have adapted in other languages as well as some mechanisms of gender classification with reference to trends and principles found in both systems. It also indicates some trends in gender classification for the most recently adapted borrowings.
EN
The author considers the possible application of the cognitive approach to teaching Polish grammar to Ukrainians, both in its theoretical and practical aspect. She points to the differences in realization of grammar categories in Polish and Ukrainian and analyzes the relationship between the distinctions of categories in these languages and common system errors made by the Ukrainians speaking Polish. The author puts particular emphasis on those errors that can disturb communication between Poles and Polish speaking Ukrainians.
PL
W artykule jest omawiana możliwość kognitywnego podejścia do nauczania Ukraińców polskiej gramatyki, rozumianej zarówno w aspekcie teoretycznym, jak i praktycznym. Wskazuje się na różnice dotyczące realizacji kategorii gramatycznych w języku polskim i ukraińskim, analizuje się zależności między kategorialnymi odrębnościami w rozpatrywanych językach a typowymi błędami systemowymi w polszczyźnie Ukraińców, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem tych błędów, które mogą powodować zakłócenia komunikacyjne w polskojęzycznym dyskursie Ukraińców z Polakami.
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