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EN
The penchant for writing poetry became a prominent discussion topic among Russian poets at the very beginning of the 18th century. While poets would usually exonerate themselves of their own “wretched inclination” to versify profusely, they would ridicule and judge similar proclivities shown by fellow poets: as Feofan Prokopovich put it, Omnes ad nauseam versificari occeperant (“everyone was composing verses in the most annoying way”). This kind of criticism was not unfounded: prolific writing led to a deterioration in style, loss of literary craft, dilettantism, and an overall decline in the prestige of the profession. Another consequence was the rise of graphomania that was likewise found reprehensible in literary polemics. Using many case studies, the author of the paper argues that these debates were closely tied to the formation of the literary culture of Modern Times, to changes in daily literary life and to the development of the image of a writer which for the most part would remain unchanged until the present.
RU
С самого начала XVIII в. русские поэты заговорили о неуемной страсти к сочинению стихов, как своей, так и других поэтов. При этом собственная «прегнусная охота» к сочинению стихов добродушно оправдывалась, а вот чужая точно такая же страсть довольно зло высмеивалась и осуждалась: «Все предавались стихотворству до тошноты», писал Феофан Прокопович. Для осуждения этой страсти были все основания: многописание приводило к ухудшению стиля и деградации литературного мастерства, дилетантизму и падению престижа литературной работы. Еще одним следствием стало появление графомании, которая также подвергалась осуждению в литературных полемиках. В статье на многочисленных примерах показано, что вся эта проблематика связана со становлением литературной культуры Нового времени, с изменением структуры литературного быта и формированием образа писателя, который в основных своих чертах сохранился до нашего времени.
EN
Andrei Bolotov (1738–1833) was one of the most prolific writers of the 18th and early 19th centuries, although much of his heritage remained unpublished. In the subsequent critical and scholarly literature the assessments of his works vary from enthusiastic to derogatory. But the reputation of a graphomaniac, one that stuck with Bolotov, is largely due to the difference in the perception of a literary work in the 18th and the subsequent centuries. On basis of Bolotov’s memoirs, as well as a number of archival sources, now first made available for scholarly enquiry, the article analyses Bolotov’s reflection on the writing process itself and his attitude to his own works, not only as fruits of his creativity, but also as material objects. Such an attitude is characteristic of his epoch and rooted in the earlier tradition of Old Russian booklore.
RU
А. Т. Болотов (1738–1833) был одним из самых плодовитых литераторов XVIII – начала XIX столетия, хотя значительная часть его наследия осталась неопубликованной. В последующей критической и научной литературе оценки его трудов разнятся от восторженных до уничижительных. Но репутация графомана, закрепившаяся за Болотовым, во многом обусловлена разницей восприятия литературного творчества в XVIII и последующих столетиях. На материале мемуаров Болотова, а также на базе ряда архивных источников, впервые вводимых в научный оборот, в cтатье анализируется рефлексия Болотова по поводу самого процесса письма и его отношение к собственным произведениям, не только как к плодам творчества, но и как к материальным объектам, во многом характерное для его эпохи и восходящее к более ранней традиции древнерусской книжности.
EN
An overview — even cursory — of literary culture in Lithuania in the first decades of the nineteenth century indicates there were many people who pursued poetry writing. According to Piotr Chmielowski, such a phenomenon did not exist then to this extent and with such intensity in any other part of Poland’s territory. As proof, in one of his works, he lists more than seventy names of poets who in the years 1815– –1822 had their poetry printed on the pages of journals published at the time. This number, certainly, does not fully reflect the scale of the said phenomenon. It should be noted that young people strove for a place on local poetry Parnassus, for example, also through parlor readings or through entries in memory books. Those young poets were often satisfied with minor, fleeting poems, handed from one person to another, without hope of the fruits of their poetic labor appearing on the pages of periodical press. Unfortunately, few of these poets possessed “talent above the mediocrity”, hence few manged to impress their audience. The paper aims to present selected views of contemporary audience concerning the poetry as its members also made an attempt at evaluation of the poems and aesthetic valorisation of the authors’ talent.
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