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EN
The article presents the concept of green budget tagging to estimate the level and structure of green budget expenditures of local government units in Poland. On the basis of the conducted research, it was found that incurring expenditures for environmentally sustainable purposes are also differentiated due to the functions of municipalities. In addition, the amount of green budget expenditures is determined by co-financing from foreign funds. The obtained results form the background to practical application of the concept of green budget tagging for the purposes of, e.g., the implementation of financial policy aimed at achieving climate and sustainable goals by local government units in Poland.
EN
The article aims at analyzing diachronically and synchronously two of the Italian translations of Adam Mickiewicz's epic poem "Pan Tadeusz". The first rendition, dated on the beginning of the 20th century, when the standardized Italian had only began to form, was done by Clotilde Garosci. The second translation was done by Silvano De Fanti in the 21st century. By analyzing the renditions of blue, green and their hues in both translations, the article allows one to follow the words' transformation in the semantic field across the century.
EN
The author the full set of vocabulary from the fields of green colour, representing the entire corpus of works by S. Żeromski – great Polish writer (1864-1925), who in his work has an incredible richness and diversity of Polish vocabulary. It become the subject special research in an innovative writer dictionary, published in the 15-volume series called “Słownictwo pism Stefana Żeromskiego” (“Vocabulary of Stefan Żeromski writings”) (Kraków 2002, 2007, 2010). No. 5 “Świat barw” (“The world of colours”) by Kwiryna Handke contains full vocabulary of colour, also from the fields of green. In this article, the author cited only a part of it for illustration of issues that have deal with. Field of green colour in Stefan Żeromski works consists of 7 tokens: angelica, olive green, aquamarine, emerald, rust, tabac, green. Their presence has a considerable disproportion: 498 tokens to use the green to 29 use of all the other field token. The analysis and interpretation of the material focuses on the green colour. Żeromski used the Polish language in all know forms of formative slot: green, greenish, form an adverb, a variety of verbs and participles and many forms of compound adjectives, which are made according to know patterns, but differentiating them for creative images – from green token in various functions within these structures. All names and description of green, regardless of their formative forms are treated interchangeably by the writer as a means of transmitting the colour images and realities of the surrounding world: the real and the created. He used it for simple information transfer, or modify styles in a number of expressions, phrases metaphors, comparisons, personifications, animations, etc. In her considerations the author has focused her attention on the share of green to depict the world of fiction presented by the writer, while stressing constantly explicit reference to the colour of the real world. The study separates the prototype colour facts – in this case belonging to the natural world, form the artefacts, which are the result of the realieties and experiences of people. Stressing the meaning of the green colour value, she highlighted – in nature and human life – on the one hand, associating them with beauty, joy and on the other hand – the ugliness, misery, disease, dying.
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PL
Artykuł opisuje kwestie zarządzania miastem w paradygmacie “smart”, obecnym w XXI wieku, gdzie wszystko odbywa się w domenie zarządzania informacją cyfrową. W artykule opisano narzędzie stworzone przez studentów magisterskich studiów architektonicznych pod kierunkiem prof. Evy Vaništy Lazarević w Uniwersytetu w Belgradzie w ramach zajęć „Miasto i projektowanie”.
EN
The lexical and discursive analysis proposed in this article is intended to show how and in what circumstances a new seme (ecological for our case studies) is being grafted to the virtual-dictionary-meaning of a word-term and what are the consequences. The presented lexical creations decryption and decortication are showing that each lexeme has a lexical-discursive profile that is progressively created, formed and attached to the statement in which it is located. Having noticed that speakers are knowingly pretending or not the opacity of their statements, we will see that the lexical-discursive profile allows a better understanding of lexical creations which abound in the press discourse.
PL
Zaproponowana w artykule analiza leksykalno-dyskursywna ma na celu pokazanie, w jaki sposób i w jakich kontekstach nowo utworzony sem (w tym przypadku ‘ekologiczny’) nadaje nowe, dodatkowe, znaczenia wyrazom w dotychczasowych definicjach słownikowych, co wiąże się z pewnymi konsekwencjami leksykalnymi. Wyszukiwanie oraz szczegółowe analizowanie tego typu wytworów leksykalnych dowodzi, że każdy leksem ma swój określony profil leksykalno-dyskursywny, podążający za daną wypowiedzią, w której tworzy się i utrwala. Jako że niektórzy rozmówcy, świadomie lub nie, uciekają się do niejasnych wypowiedzi, chcemy pokazać, że profil leksykalno-dyskursywny umożliwia lepsze zrozumienie wspomnianych wytworów leksykalnych, w które obfituje dyskurs prasowy.
FR
L’analyse lexico-discursive proposée dans cet article a pour but/ambition de montrer comment et dans quelles circonstances un sème nouveau (écologique pour nos cas étudiés) vient se greffer au sens virtuel-dictionnairique d’un mot-vocable et quelles en sont les conséquences. Le décryptage et la décortication des créations lexicales présentées prouvent que chaque lexème a un profil lexico-discursif qui se crée, se forme et se fixe au fur et à mesure de l’énoncé dans lequel il se trouve. Ayant remarqué que les locuteurs feignent sciemment ou non l’opacité de leurs énoncés, nous verrons que le profil lexico-discursif permet une meilleure compréhension des créations lexicales dont les discours de presse fourmillent.
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