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The Implementation of the European Green Deal – Tensions Between a Market-based Approach and State Aid for Renewables

100%
Granat A., Kozak M.
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
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2021
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vol. 14
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issue 23
39-68
FR
Les politiques énergétiques qui favorisent une transition verte présentent un intérêt particulier pour la Commission européenne et constituent l’un des éléments clés du Green Deal européen. Cet article examine de près l’interaction et les tensions entre deux cadres théoriquement séparés, le droit des énergies renouvelables et le régime des aides d’État, et analyse l’impact du Green Deal européen sur leur révision. Étant donné que les aides d’État jouent un rôle central dans la transition écologique et dans la réalisation des objectifs politiques de la Commission, la mise en oeuvre du contrat vert européen peut offrir une excellente occasion d’établir de nouvelles règles de contrôle des aides d’État. Plus précisément, l’analyse se concentre sur une approche basée sur le marché pour les régimes de soutien aux énergies renouvelables, et tente de répondre à la question si une telle solution est adaptée à la réalisation des objectifs durables de l’UE récemment établis et définis dans le Green Deal européen.
EN
Energy policies which promote a green transition are of particular interest to the European Commission and are one of the key elements of the European Green Deal. This article takes a close look at the interplay and tensions between two theoretically separated frameworks, renewable energy law and the State aid regime, and analyses the impact of the European Green Deal on their revision. As State aid plays a pivotal role in the green transition and in the fulfilment of the Commission’s policy objectives, the implementation of the European Green Deal can offer a great opportunity to establish new State aid control rules. More specifically, the analysis focuses on a market-based approach towards renewable energy support schemes, and attempts to answer the question of whether or not such a solution fits the purpose of achieving the newly established EU sustainable goals defined in the European Green Deal.
2
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EU legislative proposals to involve customers in the greening of the economy

100%
MacGregor Pelikánová R.
The Lawyer Quarterly
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2024
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vol. 14
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issue 2
218-235
EN
The EU is aware that advancement of sustainability via the multi-stakeholder model is feasible only with the active involvement of all stakeholders, including European consumers. Consequently, the EU policy and law pendulum has swung from the state, government and businesses to consumers, i.e. the information about the sustainability of businesses and their products cannot be reduced only to CSR and ESG reports, but has to be conveyed, with an appropriate content and in appropriate format, to consumers. Since a European consumer should be not only homo economicus and consumus but as well homo responsabilus, the European Commission has brought forth four legislative proposals changing the business-consumer landscape. This quartet targets product passports, empowering consumers for green transition, right on the repair of goods, and green claims and is to be applied to all European businesses. The aim of this paper is (i) to anchor this quartet in the light of the given six priorities, European green deal strategies and the B2C regime in the EU and (ii) to map how it evolves to contribute to the transformation of the consumer in the homo responsabilus. This points to new legislative trends and provides guidance to businesses to modify accordingly their product and customer approaches.
3
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The impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war on the green transition and the energy crisis: Ukrainian scenario of circular economy development

86%
Reznikova N., Zvarych I., Zvarych R., Ivashchenko O.
Statistics in Transition new series
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2023
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vol. 24
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issue 1
45-62
EN
The aim of the article is to minimise the impact of the energy crisis on the environment as one of the ways of getting rid of carbon footprints resulting from the growth of the russian energy and building a circular sustainable ecosystem in Ukraine. Therefore, the study proposes a classification of green inflation and singles out the following forms of its manifestation: 1) as a reaction to irresponsible management; 2) as a reaction to an attempt to implement large-scale projects aimed at decarbonisation within strict time limits; 3) as a reaction to the strengthening of business standards, which the end consumer will have to pay for. The paper determines the impact that the war has on the practice of applying resource nationalism associated with a wide variety of modern global problems. Discussions focus particularly on the following topics: the ‘resource curse’, the growing concern of the OECD countries. The paper identifies the dominant diversification tendencies in the EU in terms of the circularity of the economy. The proposed concept of a global inclusive circular economy can be considered as a complex multidimensional system, whose main components are based on the economic, sociological, environmental and circular aspects of life.
4
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Regional green transition: Cases of Polish and Russian regions

72%
Męczyński M., Ciesiółka P.
Quaestiones Geographicae
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2022
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vol. 41
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issue 4
165-177
EN
The green transition unfolding on a global scale is much less studied at the regional level, although its outcomes and management are strongly place-specific. This article presents a comparative study of green transition strategies in the Silesian Voivodeship (Poland) and the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (KMAO) – Ugra (Russia), based on a qualitative content analysis of regional legislation and strategies. The regions share common specialisation in fossil fuel mining and have inherited some features of post-socialist economies. Research shows three common features of green transition policies in the studied regions. Firstly, much attention is paid to the dissemination of information about green transition and its benefits. Secondly, research on various green subjects and educational programmes for green market requirements are developed. Thirdly, it is planned for renewables to have a larger proportion in regional energy mixes. By mid-century, both regions are expected to reach climate neutrality, although by using different paths of development. Coal mines are planned to be closed down in the Silesian Voivodeship by 2050, while the KMAO – Ugra will retain its oil-mining specialisation but diversify it with hydrogen production.
5
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Financial instruments of green transition

58%
Michalski D., Hawranek P.
internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny
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2023
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vol. 12
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issue 2
8-28
PL
Zielona transformacja tworzy zmiany nie tylko dla realnej gospodarki, ale także dla szeroko rozumianych finansów, tworząc zarówno ryzyko, jak i szanse. Ma to fundamentalne znaczenie dla przedsiębiorstw i instytucji finansowych, które muszą się dostosować do nowych warunków funkcjonowania. Ryzyko powstaje w obszarach podlegających presji regulacyjnej i rynkowej, wymuszając zmiany strategii rynkowej lub metod produkcji. Regulacje również mogą stwarzać szanse, m.in. dla rozwoju czystych technologii, w szczególności wspierających ograniczenie emisji gazów cieplarnianych, rozwój odnawialnych źródeł energii, rewolucję cyfrową na rynku energii czy wprowadzenie nowych elementów na rynek finansowy. Uwzględnienie tych tendencji jest niezbędne dla powodzenia gospodarek. Niedocenianie postępujących zmian klimatu i intensywna działalność człowieka sprawiły, że ochrona klimatu i konieczność transformacji gospodarki stały się priorytetem. W związku z tym wdrożenie zielonej transformacji wymaga odpowiednich środków na finansowanie zielonych projektów. Biorąc pod uwagę powyższe tendencje w światowej gospodarce, autorzy przedstawiają instrumenty finansowe dostępne dla wspierania zielonej transformacji, uwzględniając praktyczne zagadnienia kształtujące przyszłość rynku energii elektrycznej. W związku z tym przedstawiają instrumenty finansowe wykorzystywane do transformacji energetycznej i walki ze zmianami klimatycznymi. Autorzy zwracają uwagę na znaczenie zielonych finansów, które jako element systemu finansowego przejmują odpowiedzialność za zapewnienie kapitału i narzędzi zarówno do finansowania celów klimatycznych, jak i efektywnego zarządzania ryzykiem przez podmioty zaangażowane w ten proces.
EN
Green transition creates change not only for the real economy, but also for widely perceived finance, exposing them both to risks and opportunities. This is of fundamental significance for enterprises and financial institutions, which need to adapt. Risk increases in areas subjected to regulatory and market pressure, forcing changes in market strategies or production methods. Regulations may present opportunities as well, and those may include clean technologies, in particular technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the development of renewable energy sources, a digital revolution on the energy market, and introducing new elements into the financial market. Taking these trends into account is essential to economic success. Underestimating the progressing climate change, and the intensive human activity, has made climate protection and the need to transform the economy a priority. Consequently, the implementation of green transition requires appropriate funds for the financing of green projects. Considering the above trends in the global economy, the authors strive to present the financial instruments available for supporting the development of green transition, taking into consideration, in particular, the power market. Hence, they discuss the financial instruments used for energy transition and the fight against climate change. The authors point to the importance of green finance, which as an element of the financial system, takes over the responsibility for providing the funds and tools both for financing climate goals, and for effective risk management by the entities involved in this process.
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