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1
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Discovery of new Iron Age groove-type features from Michałowice in 2010. A geophysical case study

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Wroniecki P.
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
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2012
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vol. 4
161-170
EN
The archaeological site in Michałowice is located in south-eastern Poland within the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Czarnocin commune. It is thus far the only known site with over a dozen excavated groove-type burials attributed to the Roman Iron Age of the Przeworsk Culture.In 2010 a small geophysical test survey was commissioned encompassing an area of 50×30m. Amongst the many geophysical techniques available for such an investigation, the magnetic method was chosen. The aim of the survey was first of all to test whether the local archaeological features that were assumed to exist within the site, such as groove-type square burial enclosures, urn graves and possible settlement pits or even anthropogenic sediments, would generate a clear, interpretable geophysical anomaly. For this purpose a Bartington Grad601-Dual fluxgate gradiometer was used. Data was collected in parallel traverses with 1×0.12m sampling and within one 30×30m and one 20×30m grid. The systematic analysis and mapping of the anomalies registered with magnetic prospecting confirmed the presence of buried archaeological structures, revealing new details of the Michałowice sepulchral complex. Although the study area was relatively small, the amount of new information acquired from the survey was overwhelming. What came as a surprise is that all of these anomalies were located in an area presumed to be a peripheral part of the archaeological site. Thanks to the experiences of the 2010 survey, the capabilities of the magnetic method on this specific site have been thoroughly investigated and evaluated positively. For now, a basic modus operandi for interpreting magnetic data for Michałowice has been created, which hopefully will serve as a roadmap or reference for future integrated non-invasive approaches in the region.
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Excavations of multicultural site 1 at Michałowice, Czarnocin commune, Świętokrzyskie province, in the years 2008–2010

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Zagórska-Telega J., Bulas J., Pikulski J., Szczepanek A.
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
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2011
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vol. 3
195-225
EN
The multicultural site 1 at Michałowice has long attracted the attention of archaeologists. Since the 1950’s, artefacts attributed to the Przeworsk culture have been discovered from time to time in fields near the administrative border between the Michałowice and Ciuślice villages. This resulted in an initial, small-scale salvage excavation of the site, which revealed skeleton burials of the Lusatian culture, as well as skeleton and cremation burials attributed to the Przeworsk culture. The excavations conducted in 2008–2010 uncovered 53 archaeological features, attributed to the Trzciniec, Lusatian and Przeworsk cultures. Among the most remarkable discoveries were human and horse burials connected with the Trzciniec culture and the Early Roman Period groove-type features from the Przeworsk culture cemetery.
3
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Excavations on a multicultural site 1 at Michałowice, Czarnocin commune, Świętokrzyskie province, season 2012

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Zagórska-Telega J., Pikulski J., Szczepanek A.
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
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2015
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vol. 7
157-180
EN
Excavations on a multicultural archaeological site at Michałowice have been conducted since 2008. So for, a total area of nearly 3200 m2 has been explored, bringing to light 107 archaeological features connected in the most part with the Przeworsk culture cemetery. In the 2012 season, 6 cremation burials and one groove-type feature attributed to this cultural unit were discovered. They were dug into a very large (ca. 30 m in diameter) natural closed depression.
PL
Badania wykopaliskowe na wielokulturowym stanowisku 1 w Michałowicach prowadzone są od roku 2008. Do chwili obecnej odsłonięto obszar o powierzchni blisko 32 arów, odkrywając 107 obiektów, związanych głównie cmentarzyskiem ludności kultury przeworskiej (por. Pikulski, Zagórska-Telega 2011; Zagórska-Telega et al. 2011; 2012) (Ryc. 2). W sezonie 2012 badania koncentrowały się w północno-wschodniej części stanowiska i miały na celu weryfikacje badań geofizycznych przeprowadzonych przez mgr. P. Wronieckiego w roku 2010 (por. Wroniecki 2012). W trakcie badań wykopaliskowych wyeksplorowano obszar około 6 arów, odsłaniając bardzo dużych rozmiarów (ok. 30 m średnicy) naturalne zagłębienie bezodpływowe, tzw. wymok, określone jako obiekt 100. W obiekt ten zostało wkopanych sześć grobów ciałopalnych kultury przeworskiej (obiekty 101–104, 106, 107) oraz obiekt rowkowy związany z tą samą jednostką kulturową (105). Odkryte w trakcie tegorocznych badań groby były w znacznym stopniu zniszczone przez głęboką orkę. Zostały one wyposażone w przedmioty charakterystyczne dla pochówków kultury przeworskiej, m.in. w elementy stroju w postaci zapinek (obiekt 104, Ryc. 10: 2, 3) i sprzączek do pasa (obiekt 103, Ryc. 9: 2), jak również nożyce żelazne (obiekt 101, Ryc. 6) i nóż (obiekt 101, Ryc. 5: 1). Z obiektem 101 związana jest prawdopodobnie także ostroga żelazna (Ryc. 5: 2). W jednym z grobów (obiekt 103) odkryto koncentrację fragmentów ceramiki, pochodzących z kilku mocno zniekształconych i potłuczonych naczyń (Ryc. 7; 8). Wszystkie wspomniane obiekty należy datować na wczesny okres rzymski.
4
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Uwagi na temat rozplanowania przestrzennego cmentarzyska w Michałowicach. Możliwości interpretacji funkcji obiektów rowkowych

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Zagórska-Telega J., Pikulski J.
Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia
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2014
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vol. 60
69-79
EN
Spatial arrangement and development of cemeteries have long attracted the interest of archaeologists. One of the questions asked was whether the cemeteries developed in a planned manner and within a fixed space or, on the contrary, did they expand successively when necessary. The excavations conducted on the Przeworsk culture cemetery at Michałowice can perhaps provide new data for this discussion. The mentioned cemetery yielded 20 groove-type features characterised by a regular, rectangular shape. All these structures were oriented according to the four cardinal directions and arranged close to each other in rows along the north-south line. Along with groove-type features, an inhumation grave and cremation burials were discovered, both within the area encompassed by the arms of the grooves and outside it, and forming no detectable clusters. Based on the hitherto studies it can be assumed that groove-type features themselves were not graves, nor were they enclosures around the burials of high-ranking individuals. Their function was rather to delimit the area where the deceased belonging to one family or clan were buried, being a kind of “family quarters”. The burials proper might have been very shallow or even put on the surface, thus being prone to damage. At the same time, the arrangement of groove-type features in Michałowice around an empty central area seems planned rather than coincidental. It is also very likely that all these features were used simultaneously and over a longer period of time.
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