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EN
The hierarchy in disposable groups, due to the specific nature thereof, is of significant importance for their proper functioning. Such a fixed sequence and order in this environment is essential as according to it someone performs managerial (command) functions, support ones or those positioned lower in terms of importance. Individuals holding certain positions must have relevant competences, skills and knowledge. Professional roles performed in disposable systems differ substantially from those played in a civilian environment. The differences result from the specificity of the tasks executed, responsibility for the specialised equipment and often for the lives of people.
EN
The aim of the article is to describe support that can be observed in online Facebook teachers’ groups created and administered by teachers or institutions connected with education. The author presented selected Facebook groups, indicated their aims and activities undertaken in their space. On the basis of the conducted research (n = 548), the article will also discuss teachers’ motivations for joining the groups and their reflections connected with belonging to them.
3
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Kaszubi – ćwierć wieku po wielkiej zmianie

88%
EN
The object of the article is to present changes that took effect after 1989 in Kashubia and its society in the sphere of identity, institutions, policy and adopted legal regulations. Analysis focuses on the institutional dimension (changes in the Kashubian movement, its pluralization, organizational development, access to new spheres of activity) and the identity of the group. Special attention is drawn to the deep changes introduced in education, mass media and scholarship. In the light of conducted research the Kashubian community appears to be a close-knit group, immune to assimilation processes, with a strong sense of distinction, but at the same time in its vast majority attached to the Polish national identity and with a definite self-image (the main characteristics of this autostereotype include: piety, diligence, devotion to one’s land, perseverance even up to the point of obstinacy, patriotism); the group also has quite a numerous elite.
EN
The author analyzes theoretical sources with the view of operationalization and systemization of the notions of risk as well as the notions that are connected to it. This article provides a detailed overview of the definition of risk and its components; it also identifies external and internal sources of uncertainty as one of the main components of risk situation. This article is seen as an attempt to analyze a risky situation and recognize whether the phenomenon of risk is the factor of organizational behaviour. And still there are relevant though unsolved theoretical and practical issues concerning the problem of individual psychological disposition to risk in connection with individual personal peculiarities and social conditions.
EN
Literature on the German minority in the Second Republic of Poland shows this community to be diverse in terms of social status as well as economic and cultural position, and as a result with a different attitude to the newly nascent Polish state. The article deals with the issue of the identity of the German population in Poland by scrutinizing ways of defining one’s own group and the group of others in the press coverage of the German minority in Poland with special emphasis on the role of stereotypes in the process of group creation and consolidation. An analysis of the press content in terms of presented criteria for defining one’s own group and modes of perceiving the Polish and Jewish population allows to draw conclusions pertaining not only to the identity of the German population but also its internal dynamism. It is noticeable that although at the beginning differences between regions (caused by the period of Poland’s partition) were the main influence on the way one’s own identity and role in the new state were defined, later on differences originating in political views gained prominence. The reasons of this change include intensified contacts within the German population as well as the policy of the German and Polish states towards it.
Azja-Pacyfik
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2021
|
issue XXIV
71-84
EN
The article analyzes the relation between the individual and the family in traditional China in a historical and cultural context. It concludes that the family, besides being a source of material support, provides a sense of identity, which is obtained through the performance of family role ethics. The ethics consist in fulfilling one’s specific obligations, such as filial piety, obedience, responsibility for family members, etc. Through practicing them since childhood, individuals shape their personality in a way that enables them to participate in a hierarchical, patriarchal family structure and maintain harmonious relations with its members.
PL
From a social-cognitive perspective, how we come to see ourselves is partially a reflection of how others see us, hence the idea of the ‚looking glass self”. Autism is a neuro-developmental disorder, characterized by difficulties in social-emotional reciprocity, in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, and in the development, preservation and understanding of social interactions. As social interaction is the critical mechanism of development, people diagnosed with Autism are likely to have difficulties in developing their ‚self’. This article suggests a CBT oriented peer group for individuals with autism, in order to help connecting the ‚self’ puzzle.
EN
The present study explored how the conversation dynamics of women from ethnic majority and minority groups varied in different conversational contexts. Sixty undergraduate students (mean age 19.5 years) engaged in unstructured, introductory talk in pairs and then discussed how they should rank a list of possible improvements to a university campus. Minority group women used more positive interruptions in both settings, and in introductory talk there was less positive interruption in cross ethnic than same ethnic pairs. Majority group women used a similar pattern of interruptions in introductory and task discussion. However, in task discussion, minority group women used less positive and more negative interruptions when talking with another minority group woman, and more positive and fewer negative interruptions when talking with a majority group woman. These findings suggest that minority group women modify their interaction styles depending on the type of conversation and the ethnicity of their partner.
EN
The aim of the article is to identify the development of the concept of social diagnosis that took place and takes place in social pedagogy. In this discipline, from the very beginning of its existence, the concepts of environmental diagnosis were developed as an activity preceding the necessary social action changing – improving the social world. The area of research are the concepts of social diagnosis developed in social pedagogy by the main creators of this discipline – from the beginnings of its existence up to modern times. The analysis of reconstructed concepts shows that the social diagnosis undertaken in social pedagogy applies to both individuals and social groups – it identifies the environmental conditions of their life and functioning. Most often it concerns such areas as social conditions, participation in culture but also educational conditions and possibilities. It would be necessary to deepen the social diagnosis – also in the sphere of psychological experiences of the participants of social life and the level of their life – also showing new educational environments and their determinants.
10
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Struktura systemu politycznego

75%
EN
The entire political activity of a country resolves around the idea of o political system. It is based on several elements: human individuals (prime elements), political parties, mutual interest groups and authority units (secondary elements). Political parties and lobbies perform the role of a mediator in the process of communication between society and establishment. Various relations within the political system are regulated by legal and common laws.
PL
Proces resocjalizacji opiera się na dwóch podstawowych metodach oddziaływania na jednostkę. Pierwszą z nich jest oddziaływanie oparte na bezpośredniej relacji wychowawcy z wychowankiem. Drugą metodą jest praca opierająca się na grupie społecznej. Niniejszy tekst jest próbą podsumowania praktyki pedagogicznej i zestawienia jej z wymaganiami teoretycznymi. Przedmiotem analizy jest dynamika powstania grupy i pogłębiony proces jej tworzenia. Przedstawione zostały czynniki sprzyjające procesowi powstania grupy oraz podstawowe metody jej pozytywnego tworzenia. Grupa w procesie resocjalizacji jest najważniejszym instrumentem oddziaływań socjoterapeutycznych. Umiejętne sterowanie jej powstaniem i dynamiką zmian jest gwarantem sukcesu resocjalizacji w przypadku nieletnich. Umiejętne sterowanie jej pracą powoduje, że resocjalizacja przenosi się z zewnętrznych nakazów na wewnętrzne normy i wartości zarówno jednostek, jak i całej społeczności. Praca włożona w umiejętne zbudowanie i uruchomienie procesów grupowych jest bardziej efektywna w kontekście czasu niż bezpośredni nadzór wychowawczy.
EN
The resocialization process is based on two basic methods of influence on the individual. The first of these is the interaction based on the direct relationship of the educator with the foster child. The second method is a work based on a social group. This text is an attempt to summarize pedagogical practice and compare it with theoretical requirements. The subject of the analysis is the problem of creating a group and the deepened process of its creation. Factors conducive to the group’s formation process and basic methods of its positive creation will be presented. The group in the process of resocialization is the basic tool of sociotherapeutic interactions. Skillful control over its creation and dynamics of change is a guarantee of the success of rehabilitation interactions in the case of minors. Skillful control of her work causes that social rehabilitation moves from external commands to internal norms and values of both individuals and the whole community. The work put into the skillful construction and launch of the group processes is more effective in the context of time than the direct supervision of the tutorial.
EN
Situations of conflict in the educational environment appear for a number of different reasons, and their transmissions in the media cause their escalation, as they present abrasive people as modern heroes. Up till now there have been attempts to explain conflicts by means of the existing concepts that belong to the sphere of dynamics of the group. However, it has to be remembered that a conflict is a clash caused by different attitudes, aims, or ways of acting. Anywhere where people show any aspirations conflicts are unavoidable. Controversies are not aroused by a man who does not do anything, or who has suppressed all his creative activities. From this perspective it can clearly be seen that conflicts may also be creative. Avoiding this type of conflicts systematically may lead to making the group barren, to a standstill and to a groove that has a destructive effect. When one has a difficult choice between repressions and democracy, God himself arouses hope, when he announces: “I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you an heart of flesh” (Ezek 36, 26-28). In this way he foretells the possibility of reaching true harmony in the life of every human community. Solving situations of conflict in a catechetical group may happen through the acceptance of the seven factors that are the conditions for the prevalence of good spirit in the group. In this way the conflicted group may be shown good perspectives of its development.
13
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Kooperencja agentów ubezpieczeniowych

63%
EN
This article discusses the importance of coopetition between insurance agents who are group members. Firstly, the characteristics of the insurance agent’s job is presented and a group of insurance agents is illustrated, their specificity and common features. Secondly, the issue of coopetition is discussed; the definition of the term, characteristics and classification depending on the extent of competition and cooperation. Thirdly, the results of empirical research concerning insurance agents’ coopetition conducted between sales managers at one insurance company in Poland are discussed
PL
Celem artykułu była klasyfikacja państw Unii Europejskiej ze względu na poziom i strukturę popytu turystycznego. Analiza została przeprowadzona dla danych z roku 2011 pochodzących z bazy danych Eurostat. Dotyczyła czterech mierników popytu turystycznego: uczestnictwa w podróżach, liczby podróży, liczby noclegów i wydatków ponoszonych na podróże. Wszystkie mierniki rozważane były w podziale na turystykę krajową i wyjazdową. W wyniku badania państwa UE zostały podzielone na cztery grupy.
EN
The purpose of the article was the classification of the European Union countries due to the level and structure of tourism demand. The analysis was conducted based on data from Eurostat for 2011. Four measures of tourism demand were examined: participation in tourism travels, number of trips, number of nights and tourism expenditures. All measures were divided into domestic and outbound tourism. Finally, author created four groups for the European Union countries.
EN
One should do his best to provide sufficient psycho-pedagogical aid to students in need. It would be perfect if school authorities were not mainly interested in designing and executing documents, graphs and reports imposed on them by governments, but could concentrate more on practical issues of school operation, such as lesson conduct, selecting appropriate methods of teaching and employing experts. It is vital to focus more on the nature of sociotherapy, which by law ( MEN Regulation 30th April 2013 concerning granting and organizing psychological and pedagogical aid in public pre and regular schools and educational institutions) has become an integral part of schooling.
Eruditio et Ars
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2023
|
vol. 6
|
issue 1
115-126
EN
Modern man performs more and more tasks together with others. Collaborative learning is important because effective team communication is crucial in many areas of life. In addition, group work allows students to complement each other and share knowledge and skills, leading to better performance and understanding of the material. Group work by early childhood education students can be very beneficial, but it requires conscious planning and preparation by teachers. Future teachers should be trained to organise and manage group work of students. Such activities will have positive effects as students will be able to interact well with each other and solve curriculum problems in groups. Employers want graduates who can work in teams. In addition, students who engage in collaborative learning achieve better grades and are more satisfied with their education. This article will discuss group work in education with a particular focus on early childhood education.
PL
Współczesny człowiek wykonuje coraz więcej zadań wspólnie z innymi. Uczenie się przez współpracę pozostaje ważne, ponieważ efektywna komunikacja w zespole jest kluczowa w wielu dziedzinach życia. Ponadto praca w grupie pozwala uczniom na wzajemne uzupełnianie się, dzielenie się wiedzą i umiejętnościami, co prowadzi do lepszych wyników i zrozumienia materiału. Praca grupowa uczniów edukacji wczesnoszkolnej może być bardzo korzystna, ale wymaga świadomego planowania i przygotowania przez nauczycieli. Przyszli nauczyciele powinni być przeszkoleni w zakresie organizacji i kierowania grupową pracą uczniów. Takie działania przyniosą w przyszłości pozytywne efekty, ponieważ uczniowie potrafią ze sobą współdziałać i rozwiązywać problemy programowe w grupach. Pracodawcy chętnie widzą u siebie absolwentów szkół wyższych umiejących pracować w zespołach. Uczniowie, którzy angażują się we wspólne uczenie się, osiągają lepsze oceny i są bardziej zadowoleni ze swojej edukacji. W artykule omówiona zostanie praca grupowa w szkolnictwie ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem edukacji wczesnoszkolnej.
EN
In this article the most crucial infomations about currently functioning in valid polish penality codex for 15 years now institution described as minor protected witness are presented. Author introduces basic law assumptions and their practical aspects of usage, which are extraordinary important by reason of trial activity, in particular to divide internal unity of members of the organised crime groups. Without doubt the basic foundation in case of this insitution is, rising many contoversions and contradictions range and character of revealed informations.
EN
The article discusses boundaries of democratization of the representational system of government. Whereas in the institutions of representation, as they exist at present, radical theorists of participatory democracy perceive a basic obstacle for greater civic activity, most theorists of minority emancipation see there the exclusion mechanism. In extreme cases the first group wants to replace the institution of representation with the institution of organized, systematic deliberation; the latter wants at least to change it, providing the minority with the seats in the representative bodies. In his attitude to these postulates the author reveals some sympathies, but even more reserve, indicating these functions of representation–legitimacy of the political system, institutionalization of sovereignty, but also institutional limitation of power, which in discussed projects focusing on increased civic activity, remain unnoticed or are treated quite ideologically.
PL
Internet oferuje obecnie miłośnikom książek nowe możliwości komunikacji i integracji – dając im perspektywę stworzenia społeczności skupionej wokół ich pasji. Artykuł charakteryzuje konkretny typ tych społeczności – grupy poświęcone tematyce książek w serwisie Facebook. W artykule przedstawiono definicję mediów społecznościowych i e-społeczności. Omówiono i scharakteryzowano serwis internetowy Facebook. Następnie przedstawiono jeden ze sposobów komunikacji miłośników książek w serwisie – grupy poświęcone tematyce książek. Na podstawie analizy 47 grup omówiono ich strukturę (liczebność, dostęp do nich i aktywność ich uczestników) oraz prezentowane w nich informacje. Zwrócono uwagę, które z tych informacji są najbardziej istotne dla ich uczestników. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań ankietowych scharakteryzowano także uczestników grup poświęconych tematyce książek. Wykazano, jakie elementy tych społeczności najbardziej cenią ich uczestnicy, a które uważają za wady oraz co skłoniło ich do przystąpienia do nich.
EN
Internet offers new opportunities of communication and integration for book lovers – giving them the possibility to create a community focused on their main passion – reading. The article characterizes a specific type of these communities – Facebook groups about books. The definition of social media and e-communities was presented. Facebook web site was described and characterized. It was noted that the Internet, and therefore Facebook, is a place where lovers of the written word have the ability to communicate between themselves and to integrate. Then, the article presents one of the ways of communication among book lovers on Facebook – book groups. Based on the analysis of 47 groups, the article try to present its structure (size, access and activity of participants) and study the information published by their members. It was pointed out which of these information is most relevant to their participants. The members of the book groups were characterized as well, based on the surveys conducted between them. It has been shown, which elements are the most appreciated by their participants and which they consider the biggest flaws, finally what encouraged them to join the communities.
EN
The paper shows a sociological analysis of the factors that condition the strengthening of group identity. The analyses refer in particular to small primary groups whose identity and permanence may be strengthened by taking advantage of its own inner attributes, such as: dynamism in the realization of values and group tasks (stimulated by an appropriate climate in the group), the position of the leader and his authority (determined, above all, by his positive efforts), and moral balance defined by definite positive variables. The paper clearly distances itself from both the detailed issues of the problem of identity and the analyses of the broader contexts conditioning the function of primary groups and their permanence, such that support or threat their existence. The main purpose of the selected analyses is a possibility to apply them in pedagogy by emphasizing the conditions how those who are interested in the strengthening of identity among subjects may accomplish full cooperation and integration - the group as a whole and its members.
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