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Goals and Behaviour

100%
Stuchlík M.
Historická sociologie (Historical Sociology)
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2014
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vol. 2
9-42
EN
In the first part of this paper I intend to argue that anthropologists have a predominantly causal conception of explanation and that the only feasible way to avoid this is to apply consistently the assumption of goal-orientation of behaviour, that is to hold what could broadly be called a teleological conception of explanation – a view that developments are due to the purpose or design that is served by them. Further on I will try to show that groups and norms do not exist and act independently of people. They have no existence as “things” apart from forming a part of the relevant stock of knowledge of the members of society. They can be brought to bear on actions only by people invoking them. Thus we have to make a sharp distinction between the conceptual or notional level of phenomena, and the transactional or processual level, sometimes known as cultural and social respectively.
2

Group Decision Making: Integrating Different Interests into a Joint Decision

88%
Rajkovič V.
Organizacija
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2011
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vol. 44
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issue 6
175-178
EN
The paper discusses group decision making as a way of managing decision knowledge. Described are pros and cons of group decision making. Special emphasis is given to the leveraging of different interests and possibilities of formulating a joint decision. Available methods and techniques together with a properly organized group work can make a substantial contribution.
3
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POLSKA WE WSPÓLNEJ POLITYCE BEZPIECZEŃSTWA I OBRONY UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ

75%
Zięba R.
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
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2012
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issue 10
160-169 (10)
EN
Poland’s reaction to the proclamation in 1999 by the European Union – the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP), was restrained, and even critical. However, after the accession to the community, the authorities of Poland have started engaging in shaping and carrying out this policy. Poland is participating in building assets and capabilities of ESDP: in the process of European rapid reaction forces generation, in creation of “battle groups”, in work of the European Defence Agency, and in building of ESDP civilian capabilities. It is engaging in the EU crisis management operations,military and civilian missions. During last years Poland is showing high activity in favour to strengthening the Common Security and Defence Policy (new name of ESDP after Lisbon Treaty); it gave the evidence of that at the time of the Presidency of the EU Council in the second half of 2011. In matters of strengthening the CSDP Poland cooperates closely with Germany and France within the framework of the Weimar Triangle.
4

Romowie na Litwie. Przeszlosc, terazniejszosc, perspektywy

75%
Pilarczyk-Palaitis A., Avin A.
Studia Romologica
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2016
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vol. 9
185-200
EN
Roma living in Lithuania belong to three different groups: Lithuanian Roma (litovska Roma) Latvian Roma, (lotfitka Roma) and Kotlari (kotliarai). Not fully explained is the affiliation of the Roma who live on the border with Kaliningrad calling themselves as Fluks (Fliuki). The first Roma arrived to the lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania probably from Poland. Until the last partition of Poland mild policy towards this minority clearly stood out against the background of contemporary Europe. In the then Lithuania evolved even the institution of “Gypsy superior”, whose representative, in contrast to the “gypsy king”, came from the Roma community. The Partitions ended a period of relative freedom, and the subsequent historical events more and more tragically experienced Lithuanian Roma. As a result of World War II was killed about 1/3 of the entire Roma population living in areas of Lithuania. Soviet forced settlement, as well as the experience of occupation, greatly weakened the Roma community – has broken the continuity of the tradition passed, it has been weakened adherence to internal orders and hierarchies. At the moment, Lithuanian Roma are among the worst-educated, most marginalized, the least integrated and one of the most criminalized social group in Lithuania.
5

Spolecznosc Domari w Izraelu. Przeszłosc i terazniejszosc

75%
Odrzywolek K.
Studia Romologica
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2016
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vol. 9
201-210
EN
The first part of this article presents the history and the contemporary life of the Domari population living in Jerusalem (Israel). It describes professions popular among gypsies, their social status, attitudes towards the Arabian majority, a language, traditions and customs. The second part of this article was created based on the interview conducted with the Head of the Domari Centre – Amoun Sleem. It focuses on presenting initiatives taken to the benefit of this population by means of organizing workshops and courses. This part also discusses the contemporary problems of the Domari people, such as: the lack of recognition as an ethnic minority, social exclusion, language extinction, inclusion by the Arabian majority. The objective of this article is to illustrate the evolution process in the Domari population in Israel, its chances for development and a better life.
6
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Feminevil: The Chechen Black Widows’ Symbolic Terrorism

63%
Matusitz J., Simi D.
Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
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2022
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vol. 12
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issue 4
1-11
EN
This paper examines the Chechen Black Widows and how they carry symbolic terrorist attacks against Russian targets – the authors’ newly created concept of feminevil. By and large, feminevil is a growing phenomenon of girl-militancy in human violence. The theory used in this paper is Symbolic Convergence Theory (SCT). Developed by Bormann (1972), SCT posits that a group can unite to form a collective culture so as to achieve ambitious objectives. Whether it is a word, phrase, narrative, or physical symbol, each tenet – (a) fantasy theme, (b) symbolic cue, (c) fantasy type, and (d) saga – merges with all the others to recognize anything that helps generate, increase, and sustain a rhetorical society’s awareness.
7
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The range and the communicative importance of paralinguistic means employed in contemporary English written multimodal discourse

51%
Makaruk L.
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal
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2018
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vol. 1/2018
31-46
EN
This article deals with the broad spectrum of semiotic resources which are used in modern English texts, and thanks to which they can be classed as multimodal. On the basis of the analysis which was carried out, it was possible to identify a number of distinct groups of semiotic resources in terms of certain shared features, and then to further subdivide these groups into subgroups. The primary groups are the following: segmentation; supplementary graphic effects; font and color; non-pictorial and non-photographic graphic elements; iconic elements (images); and infographics. Each group has been described in detail, giving attention to its structure and its semantic and pragmatic value. An explanation has also been provided to illustrate why paralinguistic means are important and valuable for the purposes of communication, and in some cases, examples have been given to demonstrate the features of the semiotic resources. It has been shown that these means open up new possibilities for research nowadays, at the same time as they provide new patterns for communication. It has been possible to show that in texts which are being generated now, there are no elements that can be regarded as unimportant: they all convey meaning, and sometimes in a more significant way than those which are only verbal.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy szerokiego spektrum zasobów semiotycznych, które są używane we współczesnych tekstach angielskich, w związku z czym można je zaklasyfikować jako multimodalne. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy udało się zidentyfikować wiele odrębnych grup zasobów semiotycznych pod względem niektórych wspólnych cech, a następnie podzielić te grupy na podgrupy. Główne grupy to są segmentacji; dodatkowe efekty graficzne; czcionka i kolor; niepikowe i niefotograficzne elementy graficzne; elementy znaku (obrazy) i infografiki. Każda grupa została szczegółowo opisana, zwracając uwagę na jej strukturę oraz semantyczną i pragmatyczną wartość. Stwierdzono również, że środki paralingystyczne są ważne i cenne dla celów komunikacyjnych, aw niektórych przypadkach pokazano przykłady zasobów semiotycznych. Wykazano, że środki te otwierają nowe możliwości dla badań w dzisiejszych czasach, jednocześnie dostarczając nowe wzorce komunikacji. Pokazano, że w tekstach generowanych obecnie nie ma elementów, które można by uznać za nieważne: wszystkie przekazują znaczenie, a czasem w bardziej znaczący sposób niż te, które są tylko słowne.
8
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Apostolstwo świeckich w zrzeszeniach religijnych

51%
Śmigiel W.
Roczniki Pastoralno-Katechetyczne
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2009
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vol. 1
57-68
EN
In modern times various forms of unions have been set up and developed. The unions include associations, groups, communities and movements (ChL 29). This new dynamism, concerning both the variety and vigor of the unions, has been defined as “the spring of the Church”, and the apostolic exhortation Christifideles laici mentions ‘the new epoch of lay Catholics’ associations’ (ChL 29). Lay Catholics form unions for social-cultural reasons, but first of all for theological ones, since a little community is a symbol of the whole Church. Lay people have the right to form unions, but at the same time they should always do it in communion with the whole community of the Church, which is pointed to by the ecclesiality criteria of religious unions. The religious unions in Poland may have various conditions. At present there are more than 150 such unions, and they embrace about 5% of the population of Poland.
9

Zadania hierarchii kościelnej wobec zrzeszeń religijnych

38%
Śmigiel W.
Roczniki Teologiczne
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2016
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vol. 63
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issue 6: Teologia pastoralna
145-156
EN
Church hierarchy is the guarantor of permanence and unity of ecclesial structure but it requires religious associations to enrich the Church with charisms and the reviving breath of the Holy Spirit in order to protect Her from extensive institutionalisation. In Poland approximately 8% of Catholics (participanstes) belong to religious associations, which proves to be a significant power when it comes to evangelisation. Religious associations contribute to the renewal of the Church and make Her a living structure. Church hierarchy, in turn, offers ecclesial acknowledgement, care and reassurance of using the received charisms for the good of the people of God. Hierarchy protects associations from anarchy and gives them an ecclesial direction. The ministry of hierarchy is also the realisation of a charism of serving among other charisms and gifts in the Church.
PL
Hierarchia kościelna jest gwarantem trwałości i jedności struktury eklezjalnej, ale potrzebuje zrzeszeń religijnych, aby ubogacać Kościół charyzmatami i ożywczym tchnieniem Ducha Świętego i w ten sposób chronić go przed nadmierną instytucjonalizacją. W Polsce do zrzeszeń religijnych należy około 8% katolików (participanstes), co stanowi znaczną siłę ewangelizacyjną. Zrzeszenia religijne przyczyniają się również do odnowy Kościoła i sprawiają, że jest on żywym organizmem. Natomiast od hierarchii kościelnej zrzeszenia otrzymują potwierdzenie eklezjalne, opiekę i gwarancję wykorzystania otrzymanych charyzmatów dla dobra ludu Bożego. Hierarchia broni zrzeszenia religijne przed anarchią oraz nadaje im eklezjalny kierunek. Posługa hierarchiczna również jest realizacją charyzmatu służebnego wobec innych charyzmatów i darów obecnych w Kościele.
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