Wyłączenie gruntów z produkcji leśnej oznacza rozpoczęcie innego niż leśne użytkowanie gruntów. Warunkiem legalnego przeznaczenia gruntów leśnych na inne cele jest uzyskanie decyzji o wyłączeniu. W artykule przedstawiono skalę, kierunki oraz zróżnicowanie przestrzenne wyłączeń gruntów leśnych na cele nieleśne w województwie wielkopolskim. Omówiono też zasady wyłączania gruntów leśnych z produkcji. Podstawę opracowania stanowią niepublikowane dane pozyskane z rocznych sprawozdań z przebiegu realizacji przepisów o ochronie gruntów leśnych, uzyskane w Regionalnych Dyrekcjach Lasów Państwowych w Poznaniu, Pile, Szczecinie i Zielonej Górze oraz roczniki „Leśnictwo” z lat 2003–2016. Zakres czasowy pracy obejmuje lata 2002–2016. Analizę przeprowadzono w ujęciu powiatów.
The article touches upon the controversies around the defi nition of a forest contained in the provision of Article 3 of the Act of 28 September 1991 on forests, present in the doctrine as well as in judicial decisions in administrative law. The interpretation of the above provision is analysed and the views presented in the doctrine and the judicial rulings, which sometimes include contradicting arguments, are examined. In the fi rst part of the article individual elements of the defi nition of a forest have been identifi ed and the diffi culties with their interpretation that have led to the emergence of a vast number of judicial decisions and rulings delivered by administrative courts as well as the Supreme Court have been presented. The second part contains deliberations on the importance of the data included in the land and buildings register and their potential use for the classifi cation of land as a forest on the grounds of concrete administrative proceedings, including these on tax matters. In this context the normative value of the provisions of the Act of 17 May 1989: Geodetic and Cartographic Law and individual tax laws making these data binding and applicable has been examined as well. Also this latter issue generates frequently diverging opinions expressed by administrative courts. The last part of the paper contains de lege lata and de lege ferenda postulates intended to reconcile the presented controversies connected with the classifi cation of individual land as forest. The authors hope that implementation of these postulates will contribute to the unifi cation of the judiciary opinions regarding the concept of a forest and consequently will help to eliminate the existing doubts.
The aim of the paper is to answer the question whether the legislator provides protection of agricultural and forest land in the process of localization of technical infrastructure. The technical infrastructure has not reached the universal legal definition, but in many different legal acts there is a reference to this notion. According to the final conclusions, the protection of agricultural and forest land includes the need for localization of technical infrastructure when the technical infrastructure is the part of the composition of the normative notion of agricultural and forest land regulated by the Act on the Protection of Agricultural and Forest Land and according to the Forest Act. Technical infrastructure are an integral part of these legal concepts, although their normative borders are different. For incomprehensible reasons, the legislature does not explicitly recognize land under power lines as agricultural land, but they fall within the scope of the legal concept of the forest. However, in practice, the administrative courts in the cases of certain investments of the technical infrastructure, especially power lines, consider these facilities as not infringing the nature of agricultural land or for forestry purposes.
The paper deals with changes of land use structure in Toruń district in years 2003–2009. The analysis includes detailed description of land use forms, especially agricultural lands, forests and residential areas. The dominant form of land use are agricultural lands (especially arable lands) and forests but there are some zones in the district where residential areas are the dominant, especially close to city limits.
PL
Wartykule zaprezentowano zmiany w zakresie struktury użytkowania ziemi w powiecie toruńskim w latach 2003–2009. Szczegółowej analizie poddano następujące podgrupy i rodzaje użytków: użytki rolne (grunty orne, użytki zielone), grunty leśne oraz tereny zabudowane i zurbanizowane. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono terenom mieszkaniowym, których areał koncentruje się w określonych częściach powiatu.
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