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1

Prawosławna diecezja litewska w 1914 roku

100%

Rusnak D.

Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej

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2014

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vol. Synody Cerkwi Prawosławnej w I Rzeczypospolitej

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issue 5

221-234

EN

The Orthodox Lithuanian diocese came into existence as a result of the reform of the Greek-Catholic Church which bishop Joseph Siemaszko (Syemashko) took. Connecting it was a natural consequence of the reform of the Uniate rite last with an Orthodox Church and creating of the Orthodox Lithuanian diocese in 1840. The Lithuanian diocese spread through provinces of Vilnius and Hrodna, and from 1842 new founded province of Kowno. In 1900 a Hrodna diocese was singled out from the Lithuanian diocese, of which border became covered from border of Hrodna province. For the entire period from 1840 the Orthodox Lithuanian diocese aspired to 1914 for enhancing one’s position in the society mixt up religiously and partly dominated by the Latin Church. The Orthodox Lithuanian diocese put the reinstatement for itself behind the target former, from times before EU, of position of the Orthodox Church in the society. Creating culture role of an Orthodox Church, she had to a considerable degree, to shape the face of the society of the country of the north-western Russian Empire. Simultaneously the Lithuanian diocese struggled from rooted amongst faithful with Uniate piety. Moreover complex situation of the society mixt up religiously and ethnically in the country, which the majority of faithful members of the Orthodox Church was peasants, dependent on Catholic peasants, in required the unceasing pastoral and missionary care. In the Orthodox Lithuanian diocese in 1840-1914 years it is possible to describe the situation the fight for the Orthodox faith in the country and fight for the Orthodox face of the country. Simultaneously an Orthodox Church didn’t aspire for the proselytism, only to keeping its assets and restoring the social-cultural former item for oneself. It is possible to assess 1914 Orthodox bishops, clergy, brotherhoods as recapitulating activity and faithful in aspiring at this target. The outbreak of the First World War disrupted the development and further functioning of the Orthodox Lithuanian diocese. The revolution of 1917, the outbreak of the civil war and the collapse of the Russian Empire caused the subdivision of the Orthodox Lithuanian diocese, of structure for which they were not only in various countries, but also in different territories of jurisdiction of Sextons. Assessing the situation of the Orthodox Lithuanian diocese in 1914 it is possible to come to the conclusion to what extent a development of the Orthodox faith was effective on Lithuania, western Belarus and Podlasie after uniting the Uniate Church with the member of the Orthodox Church, what step the Orthodox faith shaped the cultural and religious face of the country in and what legacy the Orthodox Lithuanian diocese left by an ordeals and experience of the 20th century

2

Urzędnicy sądowi departamentu / izby cywilnej Wileńskiego Sądu Głównego w latach 1802–1853

63%

Kowalik J.

Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

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2021

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vol. 24

7-28

EN

The years of Partitions were a time of transformation of all areas of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Processes of assimilation with the occupying countries took place in every part of the partition. The unification of the state administration in the Polish territories incorporated into Russia proceeded in stages. It took relatively the longest in the legal system and judicial administration. By the decision of Catherine II in the Vilnius governorate, the 3rd Statute of Lithuania remained the most important source of law, the official language was still Polish, and the nobility gathered every three years for election assemblies in order to select candidates for land offices. These rules were confirmed by successive tsars sitting on the Russian throne. Inevitable changes in the judiciary took place during the reign of tsar Nicholas I, and the complete abolition of Polish-Lithuanian legal norms in western governorates finally took place in 1840. The purpose of this article is to trace the composition of the officials of the civil department (then chamber) of the Vilnius Main Court and to draw a collective portrait of them. The analysis will take into account: origin, education, religion, property, career history, received awards and achieved levels of promotion according to the rank table in force in the Russian Empire. Interpretation of the collected material will also allow to trace the processes taking place in the judiciary of the Vilnius Governorate under the influence of the changing political situation resulting from the progressive Russification.

PL

Lata zaborów to czas przemian zachodzących na terenach całej byłej Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów. W każdej części zaborowej zachodziły określone procesy asymilacyjne z okupującymi je państwami. Unifikacja administracji państwowej na ziemiach polskich wcielonych do Rosji postępowała etapowo. Stosunkowo najdłużej przebiegała w systemie prawnym i administracji sądowej. Decyzją Katarzyny II w guberni wileńskiej najważniejszym źródłem prawa pozostał III Statut Litewski, językiem urzędowym nadal był polski, a szlachta zbierała się co trzy lata na sejmiki elekcyjne w celu wyłonienia kandydatów na urzędy ziemskie. Zasady te potwierdzali kolejni carowie zasiadający na rosyjskim tronie. Nieuchronne zmiany w wymiarze sprawiedliwości zaszły za panowania Mikołaja I, a do całkowitego zniesienia polsko-litewskich norm prawnych w guberniach zachodnich doszło ostatecznie w 1840 r. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prześledzenie składu personalnego urzędników departamentu cywilnego (następnie izby cywilnej) Wileńskiego Sądu Głównego oraz nakreślenie ich portretu zbiorowego. W analizie będą brane pod uwagę: pochodzenie, wykształcenie, wyznanie, majątek, przebieg kariery, otrzymane nagrody oraz osiągnięte stopnie awansu według obowiązującej w Cesarstwie Rosyjskim tabeli rang. Interpretacja zebranego materiału pozwoli także na prześledzenie procesów zachodzących w sądownictwie guberni wileńskiej pod wpływem zmieniającej się sytuacji politycznej, wynikającej z postępującej rusyfikacji.

3

Polish Medicine in the Russian Empire in the First Third of the 19th Century

51%

Vishlenkova E., Zatravkin S.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2019

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vol. 64

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issue 2

61–78

EN

An official’s complaint about a Polish private doctor who treated his children for scarlet fever in 1827 gave rise to a unique document – a description of the treatment process and of the doctor’s interaction with patients, pharmacists, and Russian authorities. Such evidence is rarely found in the Russian archives. Since private doctors did not report to the officials, their testimonies, as a rule, are not preserved in the state archives. A text found in the archives of the Vilna Medical Board stimulated the authors of the present article to investigate the state of medical care and medical culture of the Polish population that became part of the Russian Empire after the Third Partition of Poland. Vishlenkova and Zatravkin have found that, unlike the rest of the Empire, a rather dense network of private medical care existed in Vilna province until the 1830s, and the level of scientific medical culture of the patients allowed them to establish control over treatment.

Refine search results

1 Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

1 Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej

1 Studia z Historii Społeczno-Gospodarczej XIX i XX Wieku

1 Kowalik J.

1 Rusnak D.

1 Vishlenkova E.

1 Zatravkin S.

1 2021

1 2019

1 2014

Prawosławna diecezja litewska w 1914 roku

Urzędnicy sądowi departamentu / izby cywilnej Wileńskiego Sądu Głównego w latach 1802–1853

Polish Medicine in the Russian Empire in the First Third of the 19th Century