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EN
Guidance can be considered on a broad continuum - from the daily activities of friendly people to specialised institutional activities. If we call guidance a practical activity related to providing help, counseling is called a scientific discipline, the theory of guidance. The article presents the history of the formation of counseling and the paradigms, currents and theoretical concepts and counseling as a scientific discipline. Attempts to describe this process can be made from various theoretical and methodological positions, using regularities taken from various scientific disciplines.
EN
The article reveals the essence of pedagogical counselling as a sphere of professional activity of specialists in the field of education. Specific features of pedagogical counselling that distinguish it from other types of counselling are defined and characterized. The main directions of professional activity of educational consultants are considered. Requirements for professional counsellors in the field of education are outlined.
EN
This article presents and analyses the use of work in promoting integration for asylum seekers and refugees in Lombardy (North of Italy). The research materials, collected from a larger research project involving asylum-seekers, refugees, professionals, and researchers, highlight how two main discourses operate in complementary fashion in integration practices based on career guidance and traineeships. Work is on the one hand a potential enabling factor that allows migrants to enter a relational space based on solidarity but, at the same time, it may represent a barrier, filtering out those who are welcome and those who are not. These two effects intersect, depending on a multiplicity of factors embedded in the institutional integration system. Narratives collected on this network will be used to explore how mechanisms of recognition and exclusion are related not only to an economic logic but to values connected to a certain kind of work culture. This is a dimension that is often neglected by social operators whose practices are continuously exposed to the risk of constructing, unconsciously, the “integrable” migrant.
PL
Wzrost znaczenia nowych technologii i wirtualizacja przestrzeni życia społecznego zepchnęłyniemal każdą sferę funkcjonowania społecznego do internetu. Przemianom tymuległa również dziedzina świadczenia i otrzymywania pomocy w sieci. Poradnictwo online,przejawiające się w postać między innymi pomocy psychologicznej online, internetowychgrup wsparcia czy blogów, stanowi atrakcyjną formę nawiązywania relacji pomiędzyjednostkami znajdującymi się w podobnym położeniu. Umożliwia dzielenie się swoimdoświadczeniem bez względu ograniczenia czasowo-przestrzenne i przy zachowaniuanonimowości. W warunkach komunikacji zapośredniczonej są one skłonne darzyć sięwiększą sympatią i zaufaniem. Pomoc w sieci nie jest jednak wolna od licznych niebezpieczeństw.Zagrożenia związane z komunikowaniem się w sieci mogą wynikać zarównoz nieprawidłowych wzorów korzystania z internetu o charakterze jednostkowym (uzależnienia,utrudniony rozwój psychofizyczny), jak i wadliwych relacji z innymi użytkownikami(oszustwa, cyberprzemoc, naruszanie prywatności, ryzyko niezrozumienia).
EN
The growing importance of new technologies and the virtualization of the space of sociallife is pushing almost every sphere of social functioning onto the Internet. This transitionalso applies to an area of providing and receiving assistance, online counselling, manifestedin the form of, inter alia, online psychological help, online support groups or blogs,is an attractive form of establishing relationships between people in similar situations.The Internet allows to share experiences regardless of the constraints of time and spacewhile maintaining anonymity. In the conditions of mediated communication individualsare willing to bestow greater sympathy and trust. Nevertheless, online support is not free from dangers. Risks associated with communication on the Internet may be due to boththe misguided patterns of the Internet usage of an individual (addictions, difficult physicaland psychological development) and defective relations with other users (fraud, cyberbullying,invasions of privacy, the risk of misunderstanding).
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2022
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vol. 15
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issue 25
37-61
FR
Les chocs économiques induits par la pandémie ont amené la Commission européenne et les autorités nationales de la concurrence à adopter des lettres dites de confort pour fournir des orientations, des assurances et une sécurité juridique aux entreprises afin de contribuer à atténuer les effets néfastes de la crise. S’il est vrai que les temps désespérés appellent des mesures désespérées, le fait que la Commission continue à émettre des lettres de confort pour des initiatives peu pertinentes par rapport à l’urgence actuelle soulève des questions. Cet article analyse la réapparition des lettres de confort au regard de la base juridique et de la certitude. Il constate que les fondements sur lesquels ces lettres sont construites sont fragiles, ce qui se traduit par un encouragement à l’incertitude. À cet égard, cet article explore les alternatives pour les autorités chargées de l’application de la législation de l’Union de mettre en place un solide régime d’orientation sur mesure pour l’avenir.
EN
Pandemic-induced economic shocks saw the European Commission and national competition authorities adopt so-called comfort letters to provide guidance, assurance, and legal certainty to undertakings in order to help mitigate the detrimental effects of the crisis. Whereas it is true that desperate times may call for desperate measures, the fact that the Commission continues to issue comfort letters for initiatives with little relevance to the ongoing emergency raises questions. This article analyzes the re-emergence of comfort letters from the viewpoints of legal basis and certainty. It finds that the foundations upon which the letters are constructed are shaky, which translates into the fostering of uncertainty. In that regard, explored are alternatives for Union enforcers to deploy a robust bespoke guidance regime for the future.
EN
Counsellogy is a young science of counseling. Following the chronology of the events involved, the article retraces the various avenues taken in the process of its emergence and development. Disciplinary, multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary avenues are listed, and some findings established through these approaches are cited. Revolving around these methodological orientations, the argument captures both the distinctiveness of counselling and guidance (i.e. the counsellogical research object) and its multiple connections with other areas of personal and social life as studied by (mainly) Polish researchers.
PL
Poradoznawstwo jest młodą nauką o poradnictwie. W artykule, zachowując chronologię wydarzeń, pokazano wykorzystywanie różnych podejść w procesie jej tworzenia. Mowa jest tu o podejściach: dyscyplinarnym, multidyscyplinarnym, interdyscyplinarnym i transdyscyplinarnym oraz przytoczone są niektóre prawidłowości, wypracowane dzięki zastosowaniu tych podejść. Zbudowanie wywodu wokół wspomnianych orientacji metodologicznych dało możliwość pokazania zarówno specyfiki samego przedmiotu badań poradoznawstwa – poradnictwa, jak i wielorakich jego powiązań z innymi dziedzinami życia osobistego i społecznego, analizowanych przez poszczególnych, głównie polskich, autorów.
EN
The aim of this article is to substantiate pedagogical conditions of formation of interpretative culture in the future music teachers and their implementation.Research methodology. The mentioned pedagogical conditions we implemented during the educational workshop «Basics of formation of interpretative culture of future music teachers».Results. Pedagogical conditions chosen are effective, because the level of formation of interpretative culture of future music teachers increased.Novelty. Novelty is to determine the interpretative culture and pedagogical conditions of formation of music teachers’ interpretative culture, as well as implementation of educational workshops while forming experiment.In our opinion, interpretative culture of the future music teacher is a holistic integrative education, which is reflected in the understanding and interpretation of music and educational reality in the totality of its processes, events, structures, interpersonal relationships, which is based on a set of knowledge and skills, and on creative experiment aimed at identifying the meaning of musical and pedagogical texts.We define pedagogical conditions of interpretative culture of future teachers of music as circumstances affecting directed reflection and reflection of their own professional musical and educational activities and ensure the effectiveness of the educational process. Namely: the promotion of future music teachers’ guidelines on the formation of interpretative culture; implementation of the hermeneutic approach in the educational process; self-actualization of future music teachers in the context of the studied construct.The practical significance. The teacher of music, whose formed interpretive culture can adequately understand and interpret works of art, educational and musical texts, thus attracting students to the world of music, develop their spiritual, emotional, sensory perception, enrich their aesthetic experience. It is concluded that the chosen pedagogical conditions promote formation of interpretative culture of future music teachers.
EN
This paper gathers Alexander Solzhenitsyn’s selected statements relating to the reception of his most significant work of art The Red Wheel. The conditions of “proper reading” are depicted in Solzhenitsyn’s interviews, journalistic texts and fragments of the narrative included in his epic. The author of the paper explores the writer’s requirements that concern the influence of literature and a reader’s response to the historical novel. The reconstruction of Solzhenitsyn’s model reception also enables to define the writer’s attitude towards his reader. The author of The Red Wheel believes in the social role of literature and the universal meaning of a literary text concentrated on truth, thus Solzhenitsyn’s approach stresses the ethical dimension of literature and the figure of writer as a guide.
EN
When using the Internet resources for training and making professional guidance for students of senior classes, the teaching staff has to process large amounts of unstructured, chaotic placed materials: descriptions of professions, professionally oriented tests, some pieces of advice on choosing a profession and educational institution, records of prominent people in a particular area, interviews with representatives of different professions, requirements for admission to higher education institutions and so on. The aim of this study is to make the description of developing of the collection of electronic educational resources with career guidance topics via social bookmarking service Diigo. The service was designed to store links to pages on different sites and text fragments in these pages. During the study of the social bookmarking service Diigo capabilities, there were used the following methods: • theoretical: analysis of scientific, psychological-educational, methodological, special literature on the subject of the study, sources of the Internet, modeling and design in the process of creation and improvement of collection of electronic educational resources with career-oriented subjects – to highlight the theoretical basis of the study; • empirical: diagnostic (deliberate pedagogical observations, interviews with teachers and students, teachers’ experience analysis), study, analysis of possibilities to improve the existing collections and develop new ones of electronic educational resources for usage in the career guidance activity – for the statement of the problem’s resolution stage; • experimental: pedagogical observation of the process of usage of the electronic educational resources’ collections for professional guidance of the secondary schools’ senior pupils, using of the collection of electronic educational resources with career-oriented topics during pedagogical staff’s training courses to test the proposed methodology and introducing the main provisions of the research to the secondary schools practice. As a result of the study, the collection of the pages’ bookmarks for sites with career-oriented subjects was built and it can be used during professional guidance for the students of secondary schools.
PL
Artykuł analizuje znaczenie oraz symboliczny sens światła w Księdze Mądrości. Mądrość opisywana w Mdr 6,10 jest interpretowana nie jako cenniejsza od światła, ale jako światło, które jest przewodnikiem dla mędrca oraz symbolem Bożej mądrości. Szukając tekstów, które byłyby pomocne w głębszym zrozumieniu znaczenia światła, autor artykułu odsyła do Mdr 18,1-4, gdzie podkreśla się szczególne znaczenie światła oraz jego głęboki związek z prawem Mojżeszowym. To objawione prawo jest przedstawiane jako światło mądrości Bożej, które będzie przekazane innym narodom. Centralna pozycja tego tekstu w strukturze końcowej części księgi (Mdr 16–19) podkreśla znaczenie światła prawa. Jednocześnie zostaje wyeksponowana jego niezniszczalna, niezmienna natura, która czyni to prawo fundamentem życia religijnego.
EN
In the present article, the author analyzes the meaning and symbolic sense of light in the Book of Wisdom. The Wisdom in Wis 7:10 is interpreted not as superior to light but rather as a light which is a guide for the sage and a symbol of the wisdom of God. In pursuit of a deeper comprehension of this text, the author points to Wis 18:1-4 as important in developing the sense of light, and in particular the strong connection between light and the Jewish Law – the supreme light of wisdom that God gave to all the nations. The central position of these verses within the unit of Wis 16–19 points out the absolute importance of the Law, which is described as a true light. At the same time, the writer of the Book of Wisdom emphasizes the importance of the Law as imperishable and unchangeable, a cornerstone of religious life.
PL
Wstęp. Internet jest obecnie jednym z podstawowych źródeł informacji. Współcześni rodzice, zwłaszcza kobiety, wykorzystują go do pozyskiwania wiedzy z zakresu ciąży, porodu, połogu, opieki nad noworodkiem i niemowlęciem. W sieci znajdują się portale, na których można uzyskać poradę nie tylko od innych matek i ojców, w tzw. grupach wsparcia, ale również od lekarza specjalisty czy też położnej.
EN
Background. Nowadays, the Internet is one of the most fundamental sources of information. Modern parents, especially women use the Internet to gain knowledge in the fields of pregnancy, labor, puerperium, taking care of newborns. Using various websites, parents are also able to ask not only support groups but also specialists and midwives.
PL
Cel: Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie działań Międzyrządowej Grupy Roboczej Ekspertów ds. Międzynarodowych Standardów Rachunkowości i Sprawozdawczości (UNCTAD−ISAR), a także objaśnienie i ocena znaczenia i roli jej Wytycznych w sprawie podstawowych wskaźni-ków do raportowania przez jednostki gospodarcze wkładu we wdrażanie Celów Zrównowa-żonego Rozwoju (CZR), wyznaczonych przez ONZ w Agendzie 2030. Metodyka/podejście badawcze: Artykuł o charakterze ogólnego przeglądu oparto na analizie literatury przedmiotu, dokonanej analizie i syntezie opracowań i wytycznych UNCTAD oraz regulacji i innych dokumentów dotyczących zrównoważonego rozwoju i sprawozdawczości przedsiębiorstw w tym zakresie. Wyniki: Wytyczne UNCTAD−ISAR z 2019 roku zawierają 33 podstawowe wskaźniki przeznaczone dla przedsiębiorstw w celu pomiaru ekonomicznych, środowiskowych, społecznych i instytucjonalnych aspektów zrównoważonego rozwoju. Wytyczne te wraz z materiałami szkoleniowymi wymagają rozpowszechnienia w skali globalnej, aby mogły się stać faktycz-nym narzędziem monitowania wkładu sektora prywatnego w realizację CZR. Ich zastosowanie przez przedsiębiorstwa w Polsce, zwłaszcza MŚP, może przyczynić się do poprawy postrzegania zrównoważonego rozwoju i sprawozdawczości w tym zakresie przez ich sceptyków i przeciwników. Ograniczenia/implikacje badawcze: Zwiększenie świadomości pracowników naukowych, studentów i praktyków rachunkowości w Polsce na temat wagi globalnych CZR i koniecz-ności ich wdrażania i monitorowania na poziomie mikro. Oryginalność/wartość: Artykuł poszerza wiedzę w środowisku naukowym rachunkowości na temat możliwości pomiaru i raportowania przez przedsiębiorstwa wyników w zakresie zrównoważonego rozwoju w spójności z celami i zdaniami określonymi w Agendzie 2030.
EN
Purpose: The aim of the article is to present the activities of the Intergovernmental Work-ing Group of Experts on International Accounting and Reporting Standards (UNCTAD−ISAR), and to explain and evaluate the importance and the role of its Guidance on Core Indicators for Entity Reporting on Contribution Towards Implementation of the Sus-tainable Development Goals (SDG), which were set by the United Nations in the 2030 Agenda. Methodology/approach: The general review article was based on an analysis of the liter-ature on the subject, an analysis and synthesis of UNCTAD materials and guidelines, as well as regulations and other documents regarding sustainable development and corporate reporting in this area. Findings: The UNCTAD-ISAR guidance, issued in 2019, contains 33 core indicators de-signed for enterprises to measure the economic, environmental, social, and institutional aspects of sustainable development. The guidance and the training materials need to be disseminated globally in order to become a real tool for monitoring private sector contribu-tions to SDG implementation. Their application by enterprises in Poland, especially SMEs, may contribute to improving the perception of sustainable development and reporting issues in this regard by their skeptics and opponents. Research limitations/implications: Increased awareness of academics, students and accounting practitioners in Poland about the importance of global SDG and the need for their implementation and monitoring at the micro level. Originality/value: The article expands knowledge in the accounting research community about the ability of enterprises to measure and report their sustainability performance in line with the goals and tasks set out in the 2030 Agenda.
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EN
This paper examines Heidegger’s short 1944–45 lecture course, Introduction to Philosophy – Thinking and Poetizing, recently published in an English translation by Phillip Jacques Braunstein (Indiana). The course presents a unique and penetrating treatment of what, for Heidegger, is (1) the compelling place of mitdenken and mitdichten in the fundamental nature of philosophizing, and (2) the precise relationship of these elements to questions of human guidance, dwelling, and willfulness. I argue that, so doing, the text clarifies Heidegger’s uneasy position regarding the place of ‘poetizing’ in the work of imagination and reason. His ongoing engagement with Nietzsche and Hölderlin is here distilled such that we find a specific rubric for tracing Heidegger’s subtle, though decisive, attention to the connection between thought’s intrinsically ‘productive’ character and poetry’s refining ‘projective’ artistry. This connection becomes apparent when the discourse of the course is paired with the focus of his later text, Poetically Man Dwells (1951).
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