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EN
The author describes the standard tourist itinerary across the city of Wrocław, especially the sites that concern the Italian presence in Wrocław or the merits of the Italian people regarding the region and its capital (artists, architects, exponents of the Church, soldiers, immigrants, etc.). He expresses the opinion that knowledge about elements of history associated with those of the same origins as the tourist group may help guides to interest and involve the group more and to improve the quality of their work. He briefly describes the preparation of the guides for their work and their sources of information, and presents the necessity of choice and selection of the material, depending on the current target audience.
EN
The author describes the standard tourist itinerary across the city of Wrocław, especially the sites that concern the Italian presence in Wrocław or the merits of the Italian people regarding the region and its capital (artists, architects, exponents of the Church, soldiers, immigrants, etc.). He expresses the opinion that knowledge about elements of history associated with those of the same origins as the tourist group may help guides to interest and involve the group more and to improve the quality of their work. He briefly describes the preparation of the guides for their work and their sources of information, and presents the necessity of choice and selection of the material, depending on the current target audience.
EN
The article is devoted to the relationship between “the text of city” and the text of city guides (traditional, in the form of books; and electronic – professional and emerging en route, wandering through social media and mobile devices). The author uses a heuristic metaphor of the city as a maze and a palimpsest that is widely used in the current humanistic reflections on the city. It refers to the myth of Theseus and Ariadne: the former is considered a virtual figure, the latter is a viable form that holds the thread, the solution of the mysterious maze, and also its projection, which is a challenge for Theseus.
EN
The article deals with the role of leadership of the ordained priest. This funcion arises from Christ’s Priesthood, which obviously dierects the Church towards the Father. It happens mainly within liturgy, when a priest is a guide both in teaching and in selfoffering to the Father. An important role of a priest as a leader is to evoke in peoples’ hearts a desire for the Holy Spirit (epicletic attitude), who is the ultimate Guide leading to the full Truth. The priestly spirit of leadership is kerigmatic (proclamation of Good news) and mystagogical, because it initiates into the Mystery of salvation through activating peoples’ common priesthood.
PL
W artykule opisano proste i złożone media wykorzystywane w procesie dydaktycznym. Przedstawiono programy promocyjne realizowane w parkach narodowych w Polsce. Przygotowano projekt multimedialnego przewodnika po Gorczańskim Parku Narodowym. Przewodnik jest przykładem połączenia technologii komputerowej z edukacją. Może być wykorzystywany w szkołach podstawowych, ponadpodstawowych i średnich w ramach zajęć z biologii, ekologii i edukacji ekologicznej.
EN
This article describes simple and complex media used in the didactic process. The promotional programs implemented in the national parks in Poland were presented. A draft of multimedia guide in the Gorce National Park was proposed. The guide is an example of combination of computer technology with education. It can be used in primary, post primary and secondary schools in the course of biology, ecology and environmental education.
EN
Professional qualifications are classified legally and are the same cross the professional spectrum. What factor determines teachers’ didactic, educational and professional aspirations and self-evaluation? Who/what determines that the teacher becomes an (anti)authority for his/her students, can instill their passion for learning or discourage them? When are a teacher’s education and qualifications of less importance than his/her competences? There are teachers for whom work is only an obligation, a duty towards the school, and education is the obligation of a student. They are teachers working with children only because it is their legal duty. But there are also teachers who teach students how to learn, instilling in them educational freedom. These are guide-teachers who reveal their students’ horizons, teaching them to choose a new knowledge that is supposed to give them satisfaction, emotional joy and practical benefits.
EN
The ability to focus, empathy, courage and responsibility are important determinants affecting the development of pro-social behavior. In the modern education system, they are rarely appreciated. They are being pushed away, often far from pragmatism and academic knowledge. In the same time the modern world needs a person able to see deeper and more thorough, that is able to discover what seems to be hidden from the sight of others. The aim of this study was to verify the usefulness of field activities in the development of selected social attitudes. The participants moved around with their eyes closed assisted by their colleagues. The study was conducted during the obligatory winter camps of the Faculty of Tourism and Recreation in the Academy of Physical Education in Warsaw in 2014–2016. 86 students were tested, amongst them there were 37 women and 49 men. The experimental group consisted of people carrying out their snowboard training and experiencing temporary shutdown of visual perception during the activity. The results were compared with tests carried out on the third and fourth stage of education. The basic research method was a pedagogical experiment, that involved participant observation tool. To collect more detailed data a diagnostic survey was also used. The study used collecting material techniques – a survey, a complementary interview and a video recording the behavior of respondents during the activities. People with experience in practicing snowboarding with eyes closed (experimental group) did much better in difficult terrain showing lower level of feelings of anxiety and greater courage, composure and accuracy in performing given tasks. Respondents playing the guide role presented rarely seen in everyday situations empathetic attitude in response to their colleagues stress reactions. The results allow to draw conclusion that the use of similar activities at different levels of education can be an effective tool in building positives interpersonal relationships in educational institutions and beyond. Studies show that getting such effects as increased levels of concentration, accuracy in action, coping with stress – which connects to more effectively undertaken in difficult conditions – can be possible only through systematic training using a temporary shutdown of visual perception.
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EN
Reflections from the Rostrum In his polemics with the Documentary Filmmaker Guide by Grażyna Kędzielawska, Michał Bukojemski claims that the notional apparatus, filmmaking methods, and production technologies described in the book do not adhere to the digital present day. The author believes that the teaching of documentary filmmaking in film school should begin with setting and describing the main goal, which is the film itself. Today’s documentary film has specific conditions, such as financing, distribution and shooting technologies. Speaking about various methods and practicing different forms of filmmaking are rather auxiliary goals that should be fulfilled in the course of studies. The author convinces us that both the subject and the story are crucial for the documentary film. And with them academic teachers should begin and end their teaching of documentary filmmaking.
PL
W wieku XIX na polskim rynku wydawniczym pojawiły się informatory czytelnicze, edukacyjne i wychowawcze, przynoszące porady na temat szkodliwości i pożytków płynących z czytania. W okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego tego typu bibliografie zalecające opracowywali działacze oświatowi, nauczyciele, wykładowcy, bibliotekarze, a także kapłani i osoby świeckie związane z Kościołem katolickim. W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę treściową poradnika lekturowego zestawionego przez o. Mariana Pirożyńskiego Co czytać? Poradnik dla czytających książki. Beletrystyka (Kraków, 1932). O. Pirożyński był przede wszystkim kierownikiem duchowym, wychowawcą i publicystą dbającym o moralne wychowanie młodzieży, zatroskanym o stosowne jej przygotowanie do życia rodzinnego, społecznego i obywatelskiego. W tekście zwrócono uwagę na przesłanki, które skłoniły redemptorystę do stworzenia katalogu powieści polskich i zagranicznych, ocenianych z punktu widzenia etyki, a nie literaturoznawstwa. Scharakteryzowano, z przykładami, utwory beletrystyczne, które autor oceniał pozytywnie, negatywnie oraz neutralnie. Przybliżono też pochodzące z międzywojnia oraz współczesne recenzje publikacji o. Pirożyńskiego oraz podkreślono silne związki poradnika z nauką Kościoła.
EN
Reading and educational manuals appeared on the Polish editorial market in the 19th century, providing guidelines on the topic of harms and advantages of reading. During the interwar period such recommendation bibliographies were prepared by educational activists, teachers, lecturers, librarians as well as priests and lay persons related to the Catholic Church. The article presents the content characteristic of a reading manual comprised by Fr. Marian Pirożyński Co czytać? Poradnik dla czytających książki (What to Read? Reader’s Companion, Cracow, 1932). Fr. Pirożyński was above all a spiritual guide, tutor and publicist taking care about moral education of the youth, concerned about its preparation for family, social and civic life. The article draws attention to prem-ises leading the Redemptorist to comprise a catalogue of Polish and foreign novels evaluated from the point of view of ethics rather than literary criticism. It gives charac-teristics and examples of literary works with positive, negative or neutral evaluation. It also presents interwar and contemporary reviews of Fr. Pirożyński’s publications and emphasises strong relations of the manual to the Church teaching.
PL
Przeprowadzona analiza genologiczna dawnych poradników rolniczych Jakuba Kazimierza Haura prowadzi do kilku spostrzeżeń. U źródeł poradnika leży jeden z podstawowych aktów mowy – rada, porada, powszechnie stosowany w wielu sytuacjach społeczno-komunikacyjnych. Zalążki gatunku pojawiają się pod koniec średniowiecza i wiążą się z literaturą parenetyczną. Choć analiza poradnika rolniczego z perspektywy historycznej jest trudna do opisu z powodu niewyklarowanego w pełni gatunku oraz bardzo zróżnicowanego kontekstu historycznoliterackiego epoki, można uchwycić kilka cech wspólnych i to nie tylko dla poradnika gospodarskiego, ale też innych jego odmian, różniących się właściwie tylko tematyką i słownictwem terminologicznym (intencja użytkowa, wielofunkcyjność, spójna, hierarchiczna struktura tekstu, wielotekstowość, wielostylowość, dialogowy kontakt między nadawcą a odbiorcą, autokreacja nadawcy jako eksperta, podawanie wskazówek w optymalnej wersji, dydaktyzm, perswazyjność). Niektóre z tych cech utrzymają się do współczesnych czasów i zostaną uznane za ważne wyznaczniki gatunku.
EN
The genological analysis of old agricultural guides by Jakub Kazimierz Haur leads to several observations. At the root of the guide is one of the basic speech acts - advice, widely used in communication in many social situations. The foundations of the genre appear in the late Middle Ages and are associated with parenetic literature. Although the analysis of the agricultural guide in historical perspective is difficult to conduct because the genre is not yet fully developed and because of the varied historical and literary context of the epoch, a few generalizations can be made and not only about the agrarian guide, but also about its other varieties, differing actually just in subject areas and terminology (communicative intention, multifunctionality, coherent, hierarchical structure of the text, many kinds of text types, many kinds of styles, dialogical relation between the sender and the receiver, the self-creation of the sender as an expert, giving advice in the optimal version, didacticism, persuasiveness). Some of these features will be continued to modern times and they will considered as important determinants of the genre.
EN
The article refers to a collection of handbooks and guides for creative writing – both written by Polish authors and available in translations from English. The author reflects on the publishing conditions and the practices of publishers. In the main part of the article, he tries to reconstruct the figure of an advisor (instructor) in matters of creative writing. It presents the most common author’s strategies, and also reports on the circumstances in which the guidebooks were created.
PL
Artykuł odnosi się do zbioru podręczników i poradników twórczego pisania – zarówno napisanych przez polskich autorów, jak i dostępnych w przekładach z języka angielskiego. Autor zastanawia się nad uwarunkowaniami wydawniczymi oraz praktykami wydawców. W zasadniczej części artykułu próbuje zrekonstruować sylwetkę doradcy (instruktora) w sprawach kreatywnego pisania. Przedstawia najczęściej pojawiające się strategie autorskie, a także zdaje sprawę z okoliczności, w jakich publikacje poradnikowe powstały.
EN
The author of the article discusses two figures of a politician emerging from two political discourses present since 1989 — ethical (in its two varieties: “romantic” and “socialist”) and pragmatic. The “missionary” politician, who is a central figure of the ethical discourse, frames reality in terms of ethical categories, applying them to spiritual matters (the “romantic” variety — the politician is a “guide”) or those relating to everyday life (the “socialist” variety – the politician is the “father of the nation”). The “ethical missionary” places himself above “ordinary people”, treated as passive and having a sense of entitlement. The “professional” politician — the main figure in the pragmatic discourse — describes the world from an economic perspective. He does not rise above the community to which his message is ad­dressed, but tries to become united with it, expecting it at least to be active, if not make an effort in the pursuit of common objectives.
EN
The article is a report on research that was carried out on closed groups on a social media with art education. It shows the exact structure of the group. It paints a picture of the netiquette that reigns in closed communities. It determines the area and creates a list of places where you can receive specific tips on teaching tools and materials as well as lesson plans in art education, along with the effects of creative and artistic activities. Groups that inspire creative activities with children in the school space are described. The presented areas create an ideal and safe place to exchange experiences for teachers dealing with art education from the first stage of education. Virtual space inspire and bring practical knowledge about the principles of designing didactic tasks and the language of art at the elementary level.
EN
Neither the Apostles nor any Christian minister is admitted to use the priest’s title in the text of the New Testament. Nevertheless, in the New Testament we can perceive the development of the doctrine of the priest ministry in the early Church. Albert Vanhoye maintains that the lack of the term “priest” in the New Testament suggests the way of understanding of the Christian ministry, different from this in the Old Testament. It can’t be considered as a continuation of Jewish priesthood, which was concentrated mainly on ritual action and ceremonies. In the first century the Church developed the Christology of priesthood (Hbr) and ecclesiology of priesthood (1 P). Early Christians focused first on the redemptive event of Jesus Christ’s sacrifice and Jesus as the mediator of a new covenant. Only then the religious communities adopted the priest’s title for their ministry. In the early years of the Church, all the ministries were regarded as a charismatic service among the Christian communities. In their services the early Christians followed Jesus Christ sent by God to serve. The Holy Spirit sent by God in the name of Jesus bestowed the spiritual gifts upon the Church (1 Kor 12–13). Consequently the disciples of Jesus and their successors could continue his mission. The Twelve Apostles’ ministry was the very first and most important Christian ministry. It was closely connected to the service of Jesus Christ himself. The Apostles were sent by the authority of Jesus Christ to continue his mission upon earth and they preached the Good News of the risen Christ. The Apostolicity was the fundamental base for every Church ministry established in different Christian communities. Successive ministries were established in order to transmit the teaching of Jesus Christ and to lead the community. For the early Christians the priesthood was not an individual privilege. It had rather the community character.
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