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‘Passive-active’ As a Functional Distinction in Husserl’s Theory of Consciousness

100%
Maciejczak M.
Studia Philosophiae Christianae
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2022
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vol. 58
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issue 1
25-46
EN
This article discusses passive and active aspects of consciousness as two equally justified roots of life experiencing the world (Weltbewusstseinsleben). The passive domain involves the synthesis of internal time, association, habituality, bodily aspects, etc. The active domain includes strictly cognitive competences of consciousness: thinking, judging, etc. What has been actively constituted becomes passive as the basic level for higher form of understanding. The two domains interweave, influence each other, complement each other, and also remain in a certain tension and discrepancy. In the broader perspective of the system of consciousness and its various layers, the passive-active differentiation must be treated functionally, and not as hierarchically arranged or constituted by separable concepts. It reflects the dynamics of the consciousness system at all its levels, and its meaning oscillates between the opposite and the overlapping.
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Epistemiczna funkcja habitualności: elementy fenomenologii poznania zawodnego

84%
Płotka W., Gdański U.
Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris
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2015
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vol. 31 (4)
PL
Numer został przygotowany przy wsparciu Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego (1222/P-DUN/2015).
EN
The article analyses the phenomenon of fallible knowledge as knowledge constituted in inadequate way of givenness. The key concept in this context is habituality, i.e., passive structure of consciousness that co-constitutes the object of cognition. It is argued that habitual moment of consciousness contextualizes cognition of unknown objects by presenting them as typical for a subject in a certain cognitive relation. One can describe this phenomenon by referring to the broad notion of horizon. As the author claims, phenomenology of fallible knowledge presents human cognition as defined by horizons, so as essentially “open.” The descriptions enables one to understand phenomena of cognitive situatedness of a subject and of embodied exploration of the world by the lived body.
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