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Cyberterroryzm - fikcja czy realne zagrożenie?

100%
Dziwisz D.
Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
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2010
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issue 1(13)
455-471
EN
Since the end of the last century “Cyber Pearl Harbour” has become more and more realistic scenario. Security specialists warn that highly developed countries, in particular the United States, are extremely vulnerable to cyberterrorists’ attacks. They claim that terrorists will rather choose a computer keyboard than bombs. That would mean an abandonment of terrorism in its classical form and would require a profound redefinement of security policies. Hence the main objective of the article is to examine whether cyberterrorism is a real threat to national and international security, or rather an invention of academics from different fields. For the better understanding of the topic the author defines and examines the interrelationship of the key issues, i.e. activism, hacktivism and cyber -terrorism. Their definition is necessary not least due to the fact that they are frequently misused and misinterpreted by the media. The second part of the article focuses on the use of modern technologies by terrorists. The subject of analysis are both the defects and the advantages of the use of the Internet as a means of international terror. In the third part of the article the author examines the first attempts of cyberterrorist attacks. A better understanding of the operations enables more accurate assessment of terrorist threats.
2
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Critical Literacy – Open Values, Imaginary Rationalities

75%
Hibert M.
Colloquia Humanistica
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2014
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issue 3
EN
Critical Literacy – Open Values, Imaginary RationalitiesThis papers aims to emphasize the importance of discussing the relationship between positivism, critical pedagogy and politics of new media production of information and knowledge, claiming that critical information divide is far more problematic than digital (divide). In other words, if standardization of information literacy competencies shows its limits for upholding unbiased authenticity and relevance then such a position also asserts a deficit in recognizing focal points needed in analysing digital epistemology of today. The latter should encompass advocacy of critical media, literacy and ethics as the core components for socially responsible production and distribution of information in the new public domain: Internet. When practices of collaborative production of knowledge or p2p – commons based production– is neither fully understood nor actualized in contemporary education then free/open distribution of (digital) commons is prevented by instrumentalized depolitization (culturalization) discourses in commodified information society. For that reason, I argue for denunciation of information literacy models through the lenses of Paolo Freire’s concept of a banking model of education, hacktivism, as well as Samek’s argument that “there is nothing more practical than learning how to build the self-confidence to weigh in with professional opinion and defend it as critique (not obstructiveness).” Krytyczne kompetencje – otwarte wartości, wyobrażona racjonalnośćArtykuł dąży do podkreślenia dyskusji o relacji między pozytywizmem, krytyczną pedagogiką i charakterystyczną dla nowych mediów polityką wytwarzania informacji i wiedzy; założenie wstępne powiada, że krytyczny tryb informacji jest dużo bardziej problematyczny niż cyfrowy. Innymi słowy, skoro standaryzacja kompetencji informatycznych ma swoje granice w zachowywaniu niezapośredniczonej autentyczności i znaczenia, takie stanowisko wywołuje problem w uznaniu zasadniczych miejsc analizy cyfrowej epistemologii współczesności. To ostatnie zjawisko powinno obejmować występowanie na rzecz krytycznych mediów, kompetencji i etyki jako kluczowych składników odpowiedzialnego społecznie wytwarzania i rozpowszechniania informacji w nowej domenie publicznej: w Internecie. Kiedy praktyki wspólnego lub p2p, opartego na uwspólnianiu, wytwarzania wiedzy nie są ani w pełni rozumiane, ani aktualizowane w nowoczesnej edukacji, wówczas wolne/otwarte rozpowszechnianie (cyfrowych) zasobów jest hamowane przez dyskursy zinstrumentalizowanej (kulturalistycznej) depolityzacji w skomodyfikowanym społeczeństwie informacyjnym. Z tego powodu opowiadam się za krytyką modeli kompetencji informacyjnych przy wykorzystaniu Paolo Freire’a koncepcji banking model edukacji i haktywizmu oraz krytycznego stanowiska wobec profesjonalnych stanowisk.
3
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The Digital Future of Information. Determinants of the Use of Open Source Intelligence

75%
Lipińska A.
Cybersecurity and Law
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2024
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vol. 11
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issue 1
271-280
EN
Cyberspace as a place of information acquisition is in constant flux. Recognizing the threats and challenges associated with it is one of the key elements influencing national security. Knowledge of the current conditions affecting information security and the possibility of obtaining information is an essential element of the work of the institutions forming the state security system. This article will outline the factors affecting the future of information operation and distribution in the digital world confirming the increased need for OSINT in state institutions, especially in the face of new challenges. These include: hacktivism, the dissemination of specialized tools and technologies for data acquisition and analysis among the network user community, hybrid and diplomatic-propaganda activities carried out in the info-sphere by nation states. The article will also provide a forecast of the development of cyberspace in the context of future OSINT activities.
4
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When Collaboration Becomes Ubiquitously Digital. A Review of Collaborative Society (Dariusz Jemielniak, Aleksandra Przegalinska, Collaborative Society, Cambridge Mass.: The MIT Press 2020, Essential Knowledge Series, pp. 256)

63%
Zygmuntowski J. J.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
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2022
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vol. 55
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issue 3
93-97
EN
 In recent years, the majority of studies on new technology-related phenomena have focused either on proving the benefits of innovative solutions or on criticizing social costs. The path chosen in the reviewed book Collaborative Society by Dariusz Jemielniak and Aleksandra Przegalinska is to capture a wider cultural shift that is taking place because ICT (Information and Communication Technology) tools allow people to take advantage of their willingness to cooperate. The key thesis is that the collaborative society goes far beyond the sharing economy – or economy in general. New means of digital communication, remix culture and citizen science prove that this shift is transforming social relations and our mutual relations. The authors search for the manifestations of a collaborative society in joint online production and consumption, cooperation of social activists and hacktivism, social production of knowledge, gadgets encouraging cooperation and subversive connection in digital spaces. The future of cooperation is a story about the tension between the new, communal mode of production and its distortion by capitalism. The book is a good summary of the research area and an introduction for anyone looking to explore this topic or participate in a collaborative society.
5
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Nové formy občianskej neposlušnosti v kyberpriestore

51%
Kasinec R., Šurkala J.
Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)
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2018
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vol. 157
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issue 5
437-446
EN
The authors address the problem of cyber disobedience and hacktivism in contemporary world. Firstly, they try to distinguish cyber disobedience from the traditional forms of civil disobedience. The main differences they see in avoidance of punishment for illegal conduct, exercising these activities in the cyber space and specific nature of "non-violence", which is at least disputable. They put to the correlation the anonymity of the actions and avoidance to accept the punishment for criminal deeds. They argue that the status quo - where virtually all acts of hacktivism are considered illegal and in the same time very little of such acts are punished - conserved the strange equilibrium. However, they prognose that the importance of cyber disobedience will grow in the near future and this movement should be followed by proper changes of the law in action.
SK
Autori svoju pozornosť upriamili na problém kybernetickej neposlušnosti a haktivizmu v súčasnom svete. Najskôr sa pokúsili odlíšiť kybernetickú neposlušnosť od tradičných foriem občianskej neposlušnosti. Hlavné rozdiely nachádzajú najmä vo vyhýbaní sa trestnej zodpovednosti za protiprávne konanie, v realizovaní týchto aktivít v kyberpriestore a v špecifickej forme "nenásilia", ktorá je minimálne diskutabilná. Kladú do vzájomnej korelácie anonymitu pri výkone akcií a následné odmietnutie sankcie, ktorá hrozí za toto protiprávne konanie. Autori ďalej tvrdia, že nastolený status quo - kde sú prakticky všetky činy hacktivizmu považované za nezákonné a zároveň veľmi málo z takýchto činov je reálne potrestaných - si zachovali podivnú rovnováhu. Napriek tomu, význam a aktivity predstaviteľov kybernetickej neposlušnosti budú v nasledujúcich rokoch narastať, čo si bude vyžadovať nevyhnutné zásahy i v právnej oblasti.
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