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EN
The article discusses the issues of development of aesthetic medicine tourism. Its aim is to identify the essence and scope of services related to aesthetic medicine tourism and its location within the health tourism. The article is based on the theoretical study of literature from the field of health tourism and aesthetic medicine as well as empirical research results. The article discusses the issues of conditions of social changes that contribute to the creation of new trends in the tourism market. Further, it characterises aesthetic medicine. The article presents the results of empirical research indicating the need to expand the segment of health tourism to include aesthetic medicine tourism. Then the differentiators of aesthetic medicine tourism were identified, which may qualify it as a separate segment of health tourism. The theoretical added value of the article is the indication of the development of a new trend in health tourism and the identification of traits that allow the isolation of a new trend - aesthetic medicine tourism.
EN
The intensity of stress in life is treated as the main factor differentiating mental wellbeing. The aim of the paper is to analyse opinions and behaviours concerning the choice of place and form of holiday trips in the context of stress reduction. The research was conducted in 2016 among 100 working adults. The method applied was the one of a diagnostic survey, with an authorial questionnaire. The results show that the desire of health improvement and a reduction of the negative influence of tension both have a significant influence on the choice of holiday destination. Over half of the respondents experience stress several times a week, or even every day. The main reason for nervous tension, pointed out by both men and women, is their work. The respondents confirmed experiencing numerous somatic symptoms of stress. The majority of the interlocutors perceive positive influence of a vacation on their mental condition. Expanding tourism offers towards improvement of the mental dimension of health may constitute an important element in promotion of pro-health lifestyle.
EN
Medical tourism is no longer perceived as just a new socio-economic trend. Nowadays, various needs and reasons for travelling for health purposes can be realised in many different forms of tourism – to which the author draws attention by attempting to systematize the terminology of medical tourism. Too often this term is used synonymously with such concepts as health tourism, wellness tourism, and sanatorium tourism.
EN
The present paper analyses current state of health-resort industry in Ukraine. We define possibilities for its improvement according to the foreign experience. Subject of the paper consists in setting of organizational, economic, administrative mechanisms to ensure the functioning and development of health-resort complexes. In the paper special attention is paid to the functional structure of governing health-resort organizations, structure of a resort (spa) complex, and scheme of a consumer proceeding during the consumption of resort (spa) medical service while staying at Ukrainian health resort. Some significant aspects of international experience of organizing medical spa industry are observed. The research allows to formulate recommendations aimed to enhance further innovative development of health tourism as a ground for providing well-being of people.
EN
The article considers the Kaliningrad region from the perspective of the development of medical and health tourism in the region. The main objective and problematic of the research is to study the potential of the Kaliningrad region in the development of health tourism and definitione the place of the Kaliningrad region’s health tourism in the Baltic Sea region. In the course of the study, methods of reviewing the literature on topics were applied, the experience of both Russian and foreign researchers was analyzed; For visualization of the results, the cartographic method was used, and the results of the analysis are presented in the form of graphs and tables. The article considers the natural and geographical prerequisites for the development of health tourism in the Baltic region, analyzes the sanatorium-resort base of the Kaliningrad region, shows the dynamics of attendance at sanatorium-resort institutions in the region from 2012 to 2016. The potential of each municipality of the Kaliningrad region in the development of medical and sanatorium-resort tourism is shown. As a result of the study, it was found out that the Kaliningrad region has significant potential for the development of therapeutic, health and medical tourism in the Baltic region: a developed sanatorium-resort network, natural resources (mineral water, therapeutic mud, etc.), an advantageous geographical position, affordable prices for spa treatment). However, it is necessary to expand the range of sanatorium-resort services of the institutions of the Kaliningrad region in order to be able to compete with similar institutions in the Baltic countries and neighboring Poland; improvement of medical infrastructure and level of medical services in the region to expand their range.
EN
The theme of the article is the Kemeri district’s development in Latvia as a tourism destination. The aim is to research the reasons for the decline in tourism in Kemeri and to determine factors influencing tourism development in the Kemeri district. Scientific articles and theoretical resources (44 in total), including Latvia’s and Jurmala municipality’s long-term planning documents, have been used to create this document. For primary data, a survey was conducted amongst the Kemeri district’s local inhabitants, and the foreign and local visitors in Jurmala and Kemeri, in addition to interviewing Latvian tourism industry experts. Consequently, a mixed method of research was conducted, both of qualitative and quantitative data, obtained through secondary and primary data analysis. The study contains research on the reasons for the decline in the district’s tourism, focusing on the Kemeri district in Latvia’s and Jurmala municipality’s future strategies and plans, whichhave had no interest in investing in the district, and whether there actually is a potential for the Kemeri district to develop its tourism from the point of view of visitors and experts.
EN
Health resort, as part of the health care system is still undervalued and underinvested spa area of the economy. The purpose of this article is to describe the changes in the spa treatment, both in terms of supply and demand. There are taken into account various aspects of the spa, with special emphasis on the element budget. The analysis refers to public spending on health resort.
PL
Lecznictwo uzdrowiskowe, będące częścią systemu ochrony zdrowia, jest wciąż niedocenianym i niedoinwestowanym obszarem gospodarki uzdrowiskowej. Celem artykułu jest analiza zmian w sektorze lecznictwa uzdrowiskowego, zarówno od strony podaży, jak i popytu. Pod uwagę brane są różne aspekty funkcjonowania uzdrowisk, ze szczególnym naciskiem na element ekonomiczno-finansowy. Przeprowadzona analiza dotyczy wydatkowania środków publicznych na lecznictwo uzdrowiskowe
PL
W przypadku każdego obszaru cennego przyrodniczo uprawiana na nim turystyka przynosi określone korzyści i niekorzyści (straty) grupom społecznym posiadającym swoje interesy związane z jej rozwojem. Przybiera ona zrównoważony charakter, gdy suma korzyści jest większa od niekorzyści w odniesieniu do wszystkich grup interesu lub przynajmniej wyraźnej ich większości. W opracowaniu przedstawiono prostą metodę pozwalającą ocenić, na ile (do jakiego stopnia) turystyka zdrowotna na dowolnym obszarze i w odniesieniu do dowolnego rodzaju turystyki prezentuje zrównoważony charakter. Metodę przetestowano wstępnie (pod postacią badania pilotażowego) na przykładzie jednego z polskich uzdrowisk (Szczawno-Zdrój).
EN
Every area presenting a valuable natural environment provides specific advantages and disadvantages for those social groups that have their own interest in the way of how tourism develops within the area where they live and carry out their activities. Tourism developing there takes a sustainable form when the sum of related advantages is larger than disadvantages from the viewpoint of the entire set of interest groups, or at least their prevailing majority. In the paper, a simple method is presented to evaluate to what extent tourism is sustainable in any given area. As an example, tourism development in Szczawno Zdrój, one of Polish spa resorts is analysed to verify the method.
EN
Regional competitiveness is an obligatory task for regions on the territorial, financial and referential level. Health and wellness tourism nowadays plays an important role in the regional policy of many European countries. It seems to be an element of the future competitiveness because of the ageing population or health and wellbeing oriented populations. The aim of the paper is to analyse the potential of Lublin region health services and their role in building sustained regional competitive advantage.
PL
Komunikacja marketingowa odpowiada za sukces wielu przedsięwzięć biznesowych. Działania promocyjne są szczególnie istotne na rynku usług, w tym rynku usług turystycznych. Walka o klienta dotyczy nie tylko turystyki wypoczynkowej czy biznesowej, ale także turystyki uzdrowiskowej. Zakres działań promocyjnych jest szeroki, poczynając od reklam telewizyjnych i prasowych, a kończąc na mediach społecznościowych. Co więcej, marketerzy używają niestandardowych narzędzi w kampaniach promocyjnych, traktując je jako prostsze i bardziej efektywne dla pozyskania potencjalnych klientów. Celem pracy było dokonanie przeglądu narzędzi promocyjnych na rynku turystyki uzdrowiskowej.
EN
Marketing communications stands at the market position of every business now. Especially the promotion is very important on the service market, which includes tourism. The fight for the consumer is not only among business or leisure tourism but also among health tourism participants. The range of promotion tools is very large from traditional newspaper and television advertising to modern web media. What’s more, marketers are increasingly eager to use non-standard tools in promotional campaigns, making it easier and more effective to reach potential customers. The work is an overview of contemporary promotion tools on the health tourism market.
EN
The globalization of the economy made it necessary for market actors to seek innovative ways of building competitive advantages. It is an essential condition to survive in a highly competitive environment. A new way of staying competitive in the market is to combine the forces of various market actors, i.e. form cooperative networks of competitors. The system of relations in a network of cooperating entities is a source of unique advantages for the group members. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that Uniejów is a place where a system of cooperative-competitive relations is functioning and generating unique competitive advantages. The paper attempts to highlight the specific relationships between the entities, with a particular focus on their character, extent, quality and advantages.
PL
Zglobalizowana gospodarka wymusza na podmiotach rynkowych poszukiwanie coraz bardziej innowacyjnych sposobów budowania trwałych przewag konkurencyjnych. Jest to warunek niezbędny, aby sprostać silnej konkurencji. Podobnie dzieje się w sektorze turystyki uzdrowiskowej, dla którego poszukiwanie nowych źródeł przewag konkurencyjnych jest fundamentalnym zadaniem. Nowym sposobem bycia konkurencyjnym na rynku jest połączenie sił różnych aktorów gry rynkowej, wzajemnie kooperujących, tzn. jednocześnie konkurujących i współpracujących. Powstały w ten sposób system relacji w sieci współpracujących firm tworzy źródło unikalnych korzyści dostępnych tylko dla danej grupy. Autor artykułu koncentruje się na udowodnieniu, że Uniejów jest miejscem, gdzie funkcjonuje struktura tworząca system powiązań konkurencyjno-kooperacyjnych stanowiąca źródło unikalnych przewag konkurencyjnych na rynku. Artykuł stanowi próbę opisania specyfiki powiązań pomiędzy przedsiębiorstwami ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich charakteru, zasięgu, jakości oraz korzyści.
13
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TURYSTYKA UZDROWISKOWA W POLSCE

51%
PL
W pracy przedstawiono zasady funkcjonowania turystyki uzdrowiskowej w Polsce. Omówiono zadania lecznictwa uzdrowiskowego oraz profile lecznicze. Przedstawiono rolę kształcenia i szkolenia kadry pracującej w lecznictwie uzdrowiskowym oraz formy świadczonych w nim usług.
EN
The paper has the functioning of health tourism in Poland. They discuss the role and tasks of the spa treatment and therapeutic profiles. The role of education and training for staff working in the spa treatment and the form of services in the health treatment.
PL
Celem artykułu jest ukazanie stanu rozwoju turystyki medycznej w Korei Południowej, jej konkurencyjności oraz głównych ośrodków usług na tle międzynarodowych uwarunkowań rozwoju tej formy turystyki. W analizie wykorzystano dane z portali internetowych Koreańskiej Organizacji Turystyki, szpitali i klinik, agencji rządowych i turystycznych, a także z polskiej i obcojęzycznej literatury. Turystyka medyczna rozwija się w wielu krajach świata, wykorzystując z jednej strony kapitał ludzki i jego kwalifikacje oraz tradycje w zakresie leczenia, a z drugiej – walory środowiska przyrodniczego i kulturowego. Najczęściej wybieranymi przez turystów destynacjami w zakresie usług medycznych są kraje azjatyckie i latynoamerykańskie. W Azji Południowo-Wschodniej liderami w tej branży są głównie Indie, Tajlandia, Singapur oraz Malezja i Filipiny. Dużą konkurencją dla rynku usług medycznych tych państw staje się Korea Południowa, w której turystyka medyczna jest silnie promowana przez władze rządowe. Kraj ten z roku na rok zyskuje coraz większe zainteresowanie zagranicznych turystów, stając się obecnie jedną z ważniejszych i popularniejszych destynacji turystyki medycznej w tym regionie świata. W 2011 roku do Korei Południowej należało już ponad 6% rynku turystyki medycznej Azji. Według oficjalnych statystyk w 2013 roku 210 tys. pacjentów zagranicznych skorzystało z usług południowokoreańskich szpitali i klinik. Odzwierciedlają to także przychody z tej działalności, które stanowiły 2,27% udziału w ogólnych dochodach z turystyki tego kraju. Koreańska Organizacja Turystyki rekomenduje łącznie 132 szpitale, kliniki lub centra medyczne oraz 27 agencji specjalizujących się w pakietach turystyki medycznej spośród dużej ich liczby.
EN
The paper discusses the current state of medical tourism in South Korea, its degree of competitiveness, and primary centers of medical tourism in the context of global determinants of this form of tourism. The paper relies mostly on secondary sources of data such as official websites of hospitals, clinics, government agencies, tourism agencies, and the Korea Tourism Organization. Data provided by the research literature printed in Polish and in other languages were also used in the analysis. Medical tourism is growing in many countries around the world and takes advantage of human capital (i.e. qualified personnel) and local medical traditions. The local natural environment and cultural environment further contribute to this newly evolving trend. Countries in Asia and Latin America are most often selected by visitors for the purpose of medical tourism. Leading medical tourism countries in Southeast Asia are India, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, and the Philippines. South Korea is becoming a strong competitor in the medical services market in large part thanks to government support of this type of business. The number of non-local medical tourists visiting South Korea is growing with every year. South Korea is on its way to become a major medical tourism destination in this part of the world. In 2011 more than 6% of this market belonged to South Korea. Official statistics indicate that 210,000 foreign patients were recorded to have taken advantage of services at South Korean hospitals and clinics in 2013. This is also reflected in tourism revenue: 2.27% of all revenue from tourism was ascribed to medical tourism. In fact, the Korea Tourism Organization recommends 132 hospitals, clinics, and medical centers as well as 27 agencies specializing in medical tourism packages, although the total number of such agencies as well as cooperating medical institutions in South Korea is much larger.
EN
In Europe, Poland is regarded as a country where health services are cheap and highly professional. Further development of this sector, however, requires building cooperation and networking among institutions interested in sending and hosting tourists. The main objective of this study is to analyze the activities of tour operators regarding the organization of health tourism in Poland, with particular emphasis on the interest in this type of opportunity among customers from selected European countries and on the possibilities of its wider promotion. The analysis of secondary sources points to the fact that the further development of health tourism in Poland on the Belgian, Dutch, Italian, Spanish and Hungarian markets requires consistent implementation of coordination and promotion policies. It is necessary to build contacts and a network of partners (e.g. in Spain). Creating online platforms and using search engines in English or French, as the most reliable source of information and a database for foreign tourists, is essential (e.g. in Belgium and Hungary). Promotion based on facts and analysis ought to be addressed to two different target groups: individual customers (e.g. in Hungary) and payers making decisions about group trips (in Italy and Spain). Constant enhancement of the image of Poland as a European destination with an increasing number of motorways, unspoiled nature, and regional organic foods is also important (particularly among the Dutch and the Belgian). A lot of emphasis should be put on the offered forms of active recreation and on the promotion of modern facilities, a variety of treatments, high hotel standards, infrastructure, as well as, information and booking systems (e.g. in Belgium and the Netherlands).
16
41%
PL
Istotnym instrumentem kształtowania struktury rynku turystycznego są innowacje. Wysoką podatność na innowacje ma rynek turystyki zdrowotnej. Wynika to z jego wysokiej dynamiki rozwojowej w wymiarze globalnym, a przede wszystkim z zaangażowania wielu grup podmiotów, będących uczestnikami tego rynku. Obok podmiotów rynku turystycznego decydujący wkład w zakresie podejmowania rozwiązań innowacyjnych mają podmioty rynku medycznego. Celem opracowania jest identyfikacja podmiotów rynku turystyki zdrowotnej odpowiedzialnych za wprowadzanie innowacyjnych ofert na tym rynku. W kolejnych częściach omówiono zagadnienia teoretyczne dotyczące: innowacji na rynku turystycznym oraz struktury rynku turystyki zdrowotnej. W efekcie umożliwiło to identyfikację obszarów innowacyjności na rynku turystyki zdrowotnej. Przeprowadzone badania mają charakter koncepcyjny.
EN
Innovation is an important instrument for shaping the structure of the tourism market. The health tourism market is highly susceptible to innovation. It results from its high development dynamics in the global dimension, and above all the involvement of many groups of entities that are participants in this market. In addition to the tourism market entities, the entities involved in the medical market make the decisive contribution to innovative solutions. The aim of the study is to identify entities of the health tourism market responsible for introducing innovative offers on this market. The following sections discuss theoretical issues concerning: innovation on the tourism market and the structure of the health tourism market. As a result, it enabled the identification of innovation areas on the health tourism market. The conducted research is of conceptual nature.
PL
Opracowanie jest poświęcone koncepcji projektu badawczo-wdrożeniowego pod nazwą Europejskie Centrum Zielonej Terapii i Rekreacji, zlokalizowanego na pograniczu polsko-litewsko-białoruskim. W artykule „zieloną terapię” i rekreację odniesiono do zmęczenia psychicznego i regeneracji kreatywnych sił człowieka. Adresatem tych przedsięwzięć w głównej mierze jest klasa kreatywna Richarda Floridy. W artykule omówiono trzy problemy. Pierwszy z nich to teoretyczne podstawy psychoterapeutycznego oddziaływania natury z odniesieniem do teorii biofilii E.O. Wilsona i teorii regeneracji uwagi R. Kaplan i S. Kaplan. Powołano się na wyniki badań A. Krzymowskiej-Kostrowickiej, R.S. Ulricha, P.A. Bella, S. Lyubomirsky i innych. Wskazano też wybrane metody badania przydatności ekosystemów do celów terapeutycznych i rekreacyjnych: metodę "transect walk" oraz „Indeks reakcji emocjonalnej na środowisko” J.A. Russela i U.F. Laniusa. Drugie zagadnienie to prezentacja wielkich obszarów przyrodniczych na pograniczu polsko-litewsko-białoruskim i możliwości ich wykorzystania do „zielonej terapii” i rekreacji. Uzupełnieniem różnorodności biologicznej i krajobrazowej tych terenów jest unikatowe zróżnicowanie kulturowe regionu. Trzecie zagadnienie to specyfikacja problemów do rozwiązania w projekcie badawczo-rozwojowy.
EN
The elaboration is dedicated to the presentation of the concept of research and implementation project known as the European Centre of Green Therapy and Recreation, which is located at the Polish-Lithuanian-Belarussian border. In this paper, green therapy and recreation were related to physical tiredness and regeneration of man’s creative power. These undertakings are addressed mainly to the Creative Class theory by Richard Florida. The article presents three problems. The first problem regards the theoretical bases of psychotherapeutic influence of nature, with reference to the Biophilia theory by E. O. Wilson and the Attention Restoration theory by R. Kaplan and S. Kaplan. Reference was also made to results of the research conducted by A. Krzymowska-Kostrowicka, R. S. Ulrich, P. A. Bell, S. Lyubomirsky and other scientists. There were also demonstrated the selected methods of analysing the usefulness of ecosystems for therapy and recreation needs: the ‘transect walk’ method and index of emotional reaction to the environment by J. A. Russel and U. F. Lanius. The second issue is the presentation of large natural areas at the Polish-Lithuanian-Belarussian border and the possibilities of using them for green therapy and recreation. Supplementation of the biological and landscape diversity of these areas is the unique cultural diversification of this region. Third issue presented in this paper regards specification of problems that need to be solved in the research and development project.
XX
This paper concerns the diagnosis of primary elements influencing the potential of cluster initiatives in the context of the development of smart specialization. For this purpose, was presented and described The Medical Tourism and Wellness Cluster as correlation corresponding to the specifics of the idea of smart specialization. There have also been the characteristics of the basic assumptions of development health tourism in terms of cluster activity.
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