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Kwestia niemiecka w XXI wieku – hegemon wbrew własnej woli

100%
Riedel R.
Przegląd Zachodni
|
2015
|
issue 4(357)
7-22
EN
“German question” is de facto a set of questions, dilemmas and fears connected with the role and position of Germany in Europe. The objective of the article is to feature the specifics of the contemporary “German question” as well as discuss it in the light of changing contextual factors – among them, the European integration process. Leadership crisis in the European Union focuses the observers’ attention on the biggest European economy and the expectations towards Berlin get more and more demanding in line with the cumulating challenges facing Europe.
2
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Unipolarity: benefits and long perspective durability

51%
Piwowarski J., Dziubiński J.
Security Dimensions: International & National Studies
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2015
|
vol. 14(14)
108-118
EN
Present unipolar international relations’ structure is a previously unknown situation. Authors present some aspects of the phenomenon discussed among scientists and scholars. Paper is focused on the following issues: arguments for long durability of unipolarity, and the benefits of the system – for the unipole and the lesser partners. Not only theoretical arguments are presented, but also the empirical data for different interpretations of unipolarity are presented. Some examples form the history of the last quarter of century, up to present times (summer 2015).
3

Syndrom kulturowej straty. Lizbońska konferencja pisarzy 1988 w postkolonialnej retrospektywie

43%
Skórczewski D.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
|
2017
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vol. 65
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issue 1: Literatura polska
147-167
PL
W artykule podjęto refleksję nad kulturowymi i politycznymi implikacjami konferencji pisarzy środkowoeuropejskich i rosyjskich, która odbyła się w maju 1988 roku w Lizbonie, w kontekście dalszego rozwoju wydarzeń w naszym regionie. Implikacje te określone są jako „syndrom kulturowej straty”. Wychodząc od konstatacji, iż z przyczyn politycznych i koniunkturalnych debata ta, zamiast zogniskować uwagę mieszkańców krajów podbitych przez Związek Sowiecki, stała się wyciszonym wydarzeniem, autor omawia istotne problemy, jakie ona odsłoniła, gdy ująć ją w postkolonialnej retrospektywie: brak transmisji pomiędzy treścią wystąpień a ówczesną potoczną świadomością odnośnych społeczeństw; trwałą podrzędność środkowo-wschodnioeuropejskich literatur w skali globalnej kultury; problem języka komunikacji; trwałe przejawy skolonizowania; chroniczne zewnętrzne wyzwania nękające środkowo-wschodnioeuropejską tożsamość; asymetrię wzajemnych stosunków; imperialne tabu; „miękkie” istnienie Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej; antykolonialny wydźwięk środkowoeuropejsko-rosyjskiej konfrontacji; brak perspektyw postkolonialnego pojednania. Pomimo pesymizmu płynącego z fiaska lizbońskiego wydarzenia, w konkluzji wskazany zostaje naprawczy potencjał literatury, która zdolna jest wywołać zmianę w sferze polityki.
EN
The paper reflects on the missing cultural and political implications of the once-prominent and now forgotten 1988 Lisbon Conference for East Central European societies, taking Poland as a case study. The Conference debates between East Central European, East South European, and Russian writers were virtually absent at that time from Polish public discourse for political reasons, and its potential importance was soon overshadowed by the events of 1989. After the demise of communism the Lisbon Conference was ignored and forgotten, while its intellectual vigor and rhetorical appeal seemed to have been raised in vain. Thus, the Conference was never given a chance to generate a cross-fertilization of ideas, whether in Poland or elsewhere in the post-communist world, so as to transform the mutual perceptions and understanding of the two contending sides: East Central European societies as the subalterns and the Russians as the ex-hegemon. Consequently, the Conference, along with the arguments raised by its participants, has remained yet another “blank spot” in these countries’ intellectual history. It has not influenced the relations between East Central European and Russian intellectual and cultural elites, thus postponing the possibility of bringing the discussion onto a postcolonial track and in effect delaying postcolonial reconciliation.
4
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Priorytety polityki zagranicznej Stanów Zjednoczonych jako hegemona w unicentrycznym międzynarodowym systemie politycznym

41%
Wordliczek R.
Prawo i Polityka
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2015
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issue 6
130-158
EN
The end of the Cold War which took place at the turn of the 1980s and the 1990s caused the political changes in the world and created a new political hierarchy. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and communist block United States became the lonely superpower. The article presents evolution and the new aims of the U.S. foreign policy. The main questions of the research are: what is the role of the superpower as the United States in the contemporary global political system? What is the right of the United States to be treated in the special way by other actors of the world’s international relations? In which cases the contemporary global hegemonic state has right to act in different regions of the world? Finally, what instruments (unilateralism, multilateralism) should the U.S. use to act in the international arena? For complete answers of these questions author analyzed the presidency of G. Bush, B. Clinton and G. W. Bush.
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