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Kultura i Wychowanie
|
2021
|
vol. 19
|
issue 1
143-153
EN
Tomaš Garrigue Masaryk is an outstanding figure in Czech history; he was a professor of philosophy and politician, president of Czechoslovakia. Although he died over 80 years ago, his academic achievements are analyzed in terms of philosophy, political science and sociology. This article answers a question that also arises among Czech philosophers – whether Masaryk as a philosopher was a supporter of the philosophy of Jan Fryderyk Herbart? Although in some of his publications Masaryk referred to the works of Herbart’s supporters, this does not prove that he was a Herbartist. If he mentioned Herbart’s philosophy, it was always to make readers aware that he did not agree with his views, which he clearly emphasized.
PL
Tomaš Garrigue Masaryk to wybitna postać w historii Czech, był profesorem filozofii oraz politykiem, prezydentem Czechosłowacji. Choć zmarł ponad 80 lat temu jego dorobek naukowy jest analizowany pod kątem filozoficznym, politologicznym oraz socjologicznym. Niniejszy tekst odpowiada na pytanie, które także pojawia się wśród czeskich filozofów, czy Masaryk jako filozof był zwolennikiem, naśladowcą filozofii Jana Fryderyka Herbarta? Choć w niektórych swoich publikacjach Masaryk powoływał się na prace zwolenników Herbarta, jednak nie świadczy to o tym, iż był herbartystą. Jeśli wspominał filozofię Herbarta to zawsze po to, aby uświadomić czytelnikom, iż nie zgadza się z jego poglądami, co jasno podkreślał.
RU
Чешская философия XIX–XX веков была разнообразной. Кроме позитивизма, который в то время занимал лидирующие позиции, также культивируется идеализм, который представляли: Л. Клима, Ф. Марес, Е. Радл. Также важное место занимал структурализм, который в Чешской Республике сформулировали и укоренили Я. Мукаровский и Й.Л. Фишер. Особенное место занимала феноменология (Я. Козак, Я. Паточка), протестантская философия (Е. Радл, Я. Громадка), католическая философия (Я. Кратохвил). В этот же период возникает также неосхоластика. Чешские философы внесли огромный вклад в развитие мировой философии.
EN
Czech philosophy of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century was diverse. Besides positivism, which at that time took the leading positions there was also cultivated idealism, which was represented by L. Klima, F. Mares and E. Radl. Also an important place occupied structuralism, which in the Czech Republic was formed and grounded by Jan Mukařovski and J.L. Fischer. Specific place was held by the phenomenology (J. Kozák, J. Patočka), protestant philosophy (E. Rádl, J.L. Hromádka), catholic philosophy (J. Kratochvil). In this period also appeared neo-scholasticism. Czech philosophers had a great contribution to the development of world philosophy.
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