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Heurystyka zakotwiczenia i dopasowania na materiale prezentowanym w postaci listy zwierząt

100%
Rączy K., Osewski M., Skóra Z.
Rocznik Kognitywistyczny
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2011
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vol. 5
183-189
EN
The experiment shows an attempt to answer the question, whether the anchoring effect occurs on a material different from the numeral one, in this case, presented as an animal list. Two studies have been conducted, and the participants were university and high school students. First study, utilized visual presentation of a list of animals arranged analogically to Tversky and Kahneman’s experiment (1982). In the second study, previous animals were replaced by new ones and the weight of each has been added. Also, the list has been presented to participants by reading aloud. The results of first study, has not confirmed the anchoring effect. Although, the second study showed the participants’ decisions were biased. They were affected by anchoring not on the first element of the list but on the last one. The following finding is interpreted as the priority effect.
2
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Heuristic Method for Successful Learning in Education for Sustainable Development

100%
Jukh A., Kremleva V.
Studia Periegetica
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2018
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vol. 23(3)
93-102
EN
The economic and social transformations that have taken place in the Republic of Belarus in recent decades have led to a change in the state educational paradigm towards the priority of personal development and self-realization of students. The transition to new socioeconomic relations emphasizes the task of developing abilities to overcome emerging problems, to offer non-standard solutions. There is an urgent need to develop creative abilities of the future specialist. The problem of freedom of choice and the possibility of making independent decisions in conditions of social change are becoming significant. In this regard, innovations in the educational activities of the Yanka Kupala State University of Grodno are aimed at changing the personal attitude, the implementation of decisions, and the position of responsible and independent decision-making of future specialists. One of the methods that ensures the activity of students in the process of employment, as well as their independent thinking, is the heuristic method of teaching.
3
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A heuristic approach to optimizing the loading of homogeneous marine cargo

88%
BERNARDELLI M.
Operations Research and Decisions
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2022
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vol. 32
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issue 2
1-15
EN
In this article, the optimal loading of homogeneous marine cargo is considered. A mathematical formulation in terms of a mixed-integer linear program can be given. Still, the level of complexity turns out to be too high to perform full-scale computations. On the one hand, the reasons for this are the multitude of variables and constraints. On the other hand, feasible solutions to such problems may often be economically unacceptable or simply empty. Therefore, a heuristic is presented, according to which the relaxation of the limiting conditions influencing the solution’s feasibility and its economic profitability was parametrized. Under this heuristic, shifting the deadlines of selected orders is allowed. Also, the assignment of orders to vessels is separated from the allocation of vessels to piers in loading and unloading ports. The solution presented can be easily generalized by adding additional restrictions or features like indirect vessels, founding cost, or differentiation between materials.
4
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A heuristic approach to minimizing the waiting time of jobs in two stage flow shop scheduling

88%
GOYAL B., KAUR S., GUPTA D.
Operations Research and Decisions
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2024
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vol. 34
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issue 1
175-191
EN
The paper presents the influence of the waiting time of jobs in a 2 machine k- job Flow Shop Scheduling (FSS) problem. The main intention of the study is to find a sequence of jobs that delivers the least sum of the time of waiting for jobs. A heuristic approach has been adopted to achieve the desired objective. The experiments are conducted for more than 2000 problems of various sizes for the problems with special structures and problems with random times of processing. The weighted mean absolute error (WMAE) for the average of the sum of the waiting times of jobs is computed for both kind of problems after comparing with the optimal solutions. WMAE has been obtained less than 0.0075 for problems with special structures and less than 0.087 for problems with random times of processing. The WMAE is also reducing significantly with the increase in job size. The results demonstrate that the presented step-by-step procedure of the heuristic delivers significantly close to optimal solutions
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Heuristic Approach to Inventory Control with Advance Capacity Information

88%
Jakšič M., Rusjan B.
Organizacija
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2009
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vol. 42
|
issue 4
129-136
EN
There is a growing trend of information sharing within modern supply chains. This trend is mainly stimulated by recent developments in information technology and the increasing awareness that accurate and timely information helps firms cope with volatile and uncertain business conditions. We model a periodic-review, single-item, capacitated stochastic inventory system, where a supply chain member has the ability to obtain advance capacity information (‘ACI’) about future supply capacity availability. ACI is used to reduce the uncertainty of future supply and thus enables the decision-maker to make better ordering decisions. We develop an easily applicable heuristic based on insights gained from an analysis of the optimal policy. In a numerical study we quantify the benefits of ACI and compare the performance of the proposed heuristic with the optimal performance. We illustrate the conditions in which the procedure is working well and comment on its practical applicability.
6
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Human Authenticity and the Question of God in the Philosophy of Bernard Lonergan

75%
Rojka L.
Forum Philosophicum
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2008
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vol. 13
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issue 1
31-49
EN
In his Insight, Lonergan presents a general form of the argument for the existence of God: “reality is completely intelligible, therefore, God exists.” Its framework may be characterized as a Leibnizian version of the cosmological argument from the contingency of empirical reality to the unrestricted act of understanding. The acceptance of Lonergan's argument presupposes familiarity with his theory of being and objectivity. In my analysis, since Lonergan uses heuristic (second order) definitions and dialectical method in his justification of the complete intelligibility of reality, the argument invites continuous examination of the proposed alternative metaphysical theories.
7
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Multiple Functions of Analogical Reasoning in Science and Everyday Life

63%
Koszowski M.
Polish Sociological Review
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2017
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vol. 197
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issue 1
3-20
EN
This article addresses the functions analogical reasoning may have in science and everyday life. The focus ranges from the heuristic and probative value of this kind of reasoning to its illustrative and didactic utility, not excluding the opinion-forming, choice-facilitating, argumentative and justice-dispensing aspects of the inferences based upon similarity discernible between the instances being compared. In this context, the Author reveals disagreements between the standpoints of several scholars and singles out their most interesting stances and statements. In addition, the question of making the generalizations and understanding of notions (terms) presented in ordinary language as well as the problem of conceptualization have been touched upon. The relation of analogy to metaphor and its occurrence in humor, literature and poetics have also been addressed.
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САМОРЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ОСОБИСТОСТІ СТУДЕНТА У ПРОЦЕСІ ЕВРИСТИЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ (АСПЕКТ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ КУЛЬТУРИ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО МИСЛЕННЯ ПЕДАГОГА)

63%
Ковальчук Л.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
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2014
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issue 7(41)
233-243
EN
The leading idea of research is the development of theoretical, methodological and organizational principles of organization of the heuristic activity of students of Natural Sciences departments in terms of heuristic studies in the classical universities. On the basis of analysis of scientific literary sources the essence of key concepts that present the theoretical and conceptual framework of research is found out, the expediency of using the cultural and other methodological approaches is proved in the article.The factors that influence self-realization of student’s personality are identified in the context of forming of professional thinking culture of future teachers. It is proved that cultural and educational environment is an important factor. The cultural and educational environment is interpreted as a part of social-cultural space, which is a combination of external and internal terms and influences, various resources and relations, as well as other components that provide theoretical and practical preparation of students to pedagogical activity, personal and professional development of future teachers, their intellectual and cultural development, including creating of professional thinking culture and so on. On the example of study of pedagogical disciplines the organization of heuristic activity of students under the conditions of heuristic studies is exposed. A significant importance in the organization of students to heuristic methods of training of future teachers is given. Special attention is paid to creation of tutorials, introduction of innovative pedagogical technologies, creation of variety of methods, means and forms of learning, independent work of students and their involvement in active research work, etc. using the diagnostic tools developed by the author the levels of self-realization of students of Natural Sciences departments are determined: elementary (very low), reproductive (low), reproductive and constructive (middle), constructive (sufficient), creative (high). The article shows the feasibility of application of heuristic learning, which will significantly increase the heuristic activity of students, their need for self-realization and contribute to the culture of professional thinking of future teachers. The prospect of further research lies in the pedagogical rationale of the introduction of heuristic learning in higher education.
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