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Women in the Polish Industry - Employment Numbers and Structure in the Years 1945-1956

100%
Chumiński J.
Studia Historiae Oeconomicae
|
2019
|
vol. 37
147-176
EN
The first decade of the Polish People’s Republic (PPR) saw a radical increase in the number of workers employed in the industry. Many of the new workers were women, whose situation on the job market was much more dynamic than men’s. New staff was mainly recruited from the rural population. Workers were poorly educated and had little work experience, which begs a question regarding the economic rationale behind this process. Some of the new employees could actually be included in the category of “hidden unemployment”. Their marginal productivity equaled zero, which means that their work had no actual impact on the gross national income. Furthermore, such “unemployment at work” negatively impacts morale and work quality, leads to increased staff turnover, and essentially prevents workers from improving their financial situation. Considering the poorer socio-demographic characteristics of women compared to men, one can pose the thesis that the rate of needless employment was significantly higher among women than among men.
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Hidden unemployment in Polish agriculture in 1995–2015

75%
Włodzimierz K.
Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development
|
2016
|
issue 4(42)
545–556
EN
The aim of the paper is to investigate the scale of changes in the labour market in Poland, assuming that the number of persons employed in agriculture would amount to 5% of the total number of people employed in the national economy, i.e. when we eliminate the potential surplus of employment in individual farms. The study was conducted on the basis of the BAEL data from the years 1995–2015. It was shown that there was a steady improvement in the labour market and a reduction of the level of potential hidden unemployment in agriculture, mainly due to economic growth and the absorption of labour force by the non-agricultural sectors. Research results let us assume that achieving the level of employment in the agriculture similar to that specifi ed in the study is possible within a period of several years.
PL
Celem artykułu jest określenie skali zmian na rynku pracy w Polsce, w sytuacji gdy liczba osób pracujących w rolnictwie byłaby zbliżona do 5% ogólnej liczby pracujących w gospodarce narodowej, a więc w przypadku wyeliminowania potencjalnych nadwyżek zatrudnienia z indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych. Badania przeprowadzono na podstawie danych BAEL z lat 1995–2015. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na systematyczną poprawę sytuacji na rynku pracy i zmniejszanie poziomu potencjalnego bezrobocia ukrytego w rolnictwie, głównie na skutek wzrostu gospodarczego i absorbcji siły roboczej przez sektory pozarolnicze. Uzyskane wyniki skłaniają do sformułowania przypuszczenia, że osiągnięcie poziomu zatrudnienia w rolnictwie zbliżonego do określonego w celu badania jest możliwe w ciągu kilku lub kilkunastu lat.
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