The goal of the paper is to show how the approach to the investigation of moral phenomena has changed in the past decades. First, I inquire into the history of science of the 19th century (medicine, chemistry) and I show a parallel with the development of contemporary ethics. Next, I suggest how evolutionary biolog y in collaboration with neuroscience has used hierarchical reductionism to arrive at the foundational elements and mechanisms of morality. In an analog y with the periodic table of chemical elements, I show the possibility of identifying the foundational elements of morality. I argue that naturalistic approach of hierarchical reductionism will gradually enable a more exact explication of moral phenomena. Finally, I present two illustrations of naturalistic reductionism that enable ethics to reach empirically verifi able explanations of some moral phenomena in an unprecedented extent
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