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JUS COGENS REVISITED

100%
Matusiak-Frącczak M.
Review of European and Comparative Law
|
2016
|
vol. 2627
|
issue 34
55-64
EN
Jus cogens raises a vital interest of judicature and doctrine of international public law. We may find different views and opinions on the problem of the existence of peremptory norms, as well as their content. On the basis of the analysisof the practice of international judicial bodies, the article constitutes an attempt to define the prerequisites of a jus cogens norm as well as it aims at determination of a current catalogue of peremptory norms. Moreover, this catalogue evolves over time and in future it might be expected that new jus cogens norms will be recognized by the international community.
2

Ograniczenia niezależności politycznej polskich organów regulacyjnych w świetle prawa unijnego

76%
Rokita K.
Studia Prawnicze
|
2014
|
issue 3 (199)
53-84
EN
The aim of this article is to identify limitations of political independence of the Polish regulatory authorities. To that end the author presents the theoretical conception of political independence of regulatory authorities. Next, based on the EU directives in electronic communications and energy sectors, a standard of political independence of National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) is established. Using such a standard the author examines Polish statutory provisions which may present a threat to the independence of regulatory authorities. The main thesis of the article is that the legal status of the Polish regulatory authorities does not guarantee the level of independence required by the EU legislator. Therefore, the author suggests that the Polish regulatory authorities be removed from the government administration and linked with the parliament. Lastly, the articles discusses the current trend in the EU legal order to gradually widen the political independence of NRAs and the problems arising therefrom and makes de lege ferenda proposals in that sphere.
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