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Egipski kontekst wynalezienia alfabetu (inskrypcje z Serabit Al-Chadim oraz Wadi Al-Hôl)

100%
Nowogórski P.
Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne
|
2015
|
vol. 22
5-12
EN
The article presents the beginnings of alphabetic writing in Sinai (Serabit al-Chadim) in the context of the Egyptian hieroglyphic writing and the subsequent early alphabetic inscriptions from Wadi al-Hôl (Egypt) and Wadi Arava (Israel). In the light of the present state of research it can be concluded that the oldest alphabet (type: abgad) was established Semites working in the copper mines in Sinai under the rule of Egypt, probably in the nineteenth century BC. Direct effects on Semitic alphabetic writing had Egyptian hieroglyphs. Discovered in recent years alphabetic inscriptions in the Wadi al-Hôl and Wadi Arava turned out to be younger than the Sinaic inscriptions and are another element in the early development of alphabetic writing.
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Hieroglyfické písmo

86%
Dvořák T.
Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)
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2017
|
vol. 39
|
issue 1
83-107
EN
The article discusses and critically reinterprets Carlo Ginzburg’s concept of the indexical paradigm in human sciences. It situates the method of reading insignificant details as indicators of an imperceptible reality into historical, cultural and technical context through examples of medical diagnosis and art connoisseurship. It traces links between the development of literacy, script, and graphology in the 19th century and the emergence of technical forms of inscription (self-registering instrument), which brought new methods of interpretation and analysis into many fields and challenged traditional boundaries between natural, social, and human sciences.
CS
Studie komentuje a kriticky rozvádí Ginzburgovu koncepci indexického paradigmatu ve vědách o člověku. Zasazuje metodu čtení vedlejších detailů coby indikátorů nějaké přímo nepřístupné skutečnosti do historického, kulturního a zejm. technického kontextu na příkladech proměn lékařské diagnostiky či znalectví umění. Sleduje souvislosti mezi vývojem gramotnosti, písmových forem a grafologických postupů v 19. století a nástup technických forem zápisu (sebe-registračních aparátů), který vnesl do řady oborů nové postupy interpretace a analýzy a zproblematizoval tradiční hranice mezi přírodními, sociálními a humanitními vědami.
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