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1

Szkolmictwo handlowe w Krakowie w latach 1918-1939.

100%

Kawalla I.

Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

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2013

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vol. 15

143-161

PL

Traditions of trade education in Krakow date back to the 19th century. The interwar period was characterized by a resilient development of trade education. Established were institutions that offered a dsiversified level and program of education. A higher education facility, secondary schools, lower secondary schools as well as lower and supplementary schools functioned. Organized were courses and trainings. educational institutions and economic organiizations conducted a livery lecture activity. Both Christian and Jewish merchant circles were involved in the process of vocational education.

2

Uposażenie aststentów starszych w polskim państwowym szkolnictwie akademickim (od 1 października 1923 do 31 stycznia 1934 roku).

100%

Jastrzębski J.

Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

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2013

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vol. 15

121-142

PL

The article presents how the ststem of remunerating senior assistents in the Polish national higher educartion functioned in the years 1923-1934 and how the remuneration changed over that period. The article has a source character and is based on the analysis of national legal references from the years 1918-1934. It also shows the main advantages and disadventages of the discussed remuneration systemas well as the circumstances in which it was introduced and withdrawn. The autordiscusses the stages of legislative transformations pertinent to remuneration in the higher education system and the placeof the point system and later on the sum system (from the years 1934-1939). The article characterizes the point system that was used to determine the remuneration, discusses particular elements of the remuneration (basic renumeration to which every senior assistent was entitled over the entire period when the point was used and supplementary rmnuneration). The amout of particular elemants of remuneration was defined in remuneration points whose value depended on the inflation rate. Such a constraction of the remuneration system allowed for reacting in a relatively flexible way to changes of the consumption prices in the economy, and thus provided a better prtection of the remuneration's purchasing power. Initially, changes to the value of a remuneration point were considerable, but after the reform of Władysław Grabski, fluctuations in this area were reduced. Changes were usually introduced every month, and since 1926, when the public finances were stabiliized, the value of a remuneration piont was maintained on a stable level which was not changed until January 1934.

3

Kwestia organizacji cechowej rzemieślników żydowskich w województwie krakowskim w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym.

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Trojański P.

Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

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2001

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vol. 1

137-147

PL

The basie Jewish trade organisations in the Cracow province were guilds. Their legał status during the inter-war period was regulated by ordinances of the President of the Republic of Poland dated June 7, 1927. As of the datę of issuing this decree the Jewish craftsmanship gained new basis for its organisation system and work. The process of creating denominational guilds became morę intensified. The new industrial law contributed to the division of craftsmanship, which had been uniform in Małopolska until then. In 1935 12 Jewish guilds (25 Christian) were active within the Cracow province, and their number grewto 16 in the next two years, whereas in 1938 there were 17 ofthem. Agreat majority of the guilds were in the city of Cracow. In the rural areas, besides big cities such as Tamow or Nowy Sącz where the number of Jewish craftsmen was considerable, there existedcornmon denomination guilds and collective ones with respect to trade participation. County and City Guild Associations were denominational mixtures as well. Jewish handicraftsmen were numerously represented at the province Craftsmanship Chamber. Guilds were free associations, however, from the very beginning a struggle carried on to transform them into compulsory institutions. It tumed out that most of the craftsmen did not enter the new organisation. A smali number of guild members limited the scope of their activities considerably, which as a result led to creating good conditions for the development of dishonest competition. That is why depriving the guilds of the compulsory character introduced chaos and confusion in craftsmanship (especially in Małopolska), and was responsible for its sudden and noticeable decline. Apart from regarding guilds as compulsory organisations, it was also demanded that, after a transition period, an unconditional duty of having a proof of craftsman’s ąualifications should be introduced. The postulate was firmly supported by the Congress of Jewish Craftsmanship of the Cracow Province, which was convened in Cracow in September 1931. Unfortunately, the State authorities did not approve it. Thus the struggle to introduce the guild obligation, which had been carried on continually sińce 1927 with great involvement of Małopolska Jewish craftsmen, ended up with failure. An unąuestionable success, however, mainly of Jewish craftsmen was the consolidation of handicraftsmen’s community (irrespective of denomination) towards the goal of improving the condition of craftsmanship, which evidently relied on the reform of the guild system.

4

Komisja Specjalna do Walki z Nadużyciami i Szkodnictwem Gospodarczym - stan badań

80%

Czop T.

Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

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2012

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vol. 12

187-203

PL

The subject of the Special Commission for Fighting against Corrupt Practices and Economic Sabotage is relatively well-discussed. Works that tackle the issue can be divided into two groups. The first comprises works that were written in the years 1945–1954 i.e. in the period when the Commission operated, the second includes works that were written after 1989. The works that belong to the first group should be considered as having a rather ideological and political character, and serving legitimization of the new institution which was in fact a leading institution of the new political system in Poland after 1945. The works that were written after 1989 are a substantial evaluation of the functioning and achievements of the institution. The most important work that belongs to the second group is a monograph by Piotr Fiedorczyk entitled Komisja Specjalna do Walki z Nadużyciami i Szkodnictwem Gospodarczym – studium historycznoprawne (Special Commission for Fighting against Corrupt Practices and Economic Sabotage – historical and legal study). It is the most comprehensive and detailed work on the subject.The article is a summary of research that has been conducted so far on the subject of the Special Commission for Fighting against Corrupt Practices and Economic Sabotage with a particular consideration of the academic record that pertains to the functioning of the Commission’s representation in Poland. At the same time the article points to problems that require further analysis.

5

Próby unowoczesnienia administracji lokalnej, przemysłu i rewitilizacji miast w województwie krakowskim w dobie stanisławowskiej (1764-1795).

80%

Jędrzejewski P.

Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

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2013

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vol. 15

66-88

PL

The last thirty years of the existence of the Republic of Nobles, also called to the Stanislaus' epoch or times, was a period of cultural and economic growth that resulted from introducting a new economic policy similar to the models of modern western countries. After the economic crisis in the mid-seventeenth century, attemps were made to develop the manufacturing industry, rebuild the Olkusz mining industry, and introduce reforms of city and lokal administration in the whole Krakow voivodeship by deepening the rule of the House of Wettin in Poland. In accordance with the enlightenment reforms, new factories were oponed and attempts were made to deal with the problem of the most mobile group of "the loose people" for whom vacancies were created, among ithers, in the cloth factory. Revitalization of cites was taken up by the Krakow governors and newly established institutions, so-called Boni Ordinis Commissions which focused on creating city plans, inventories of goods of old privileges and city regulations as well as on ordering issues related to the city borders. Intermediate administration was handled by the Civil-Military Commissions of Good Order whose activity considerably resembled the administration in the western enlightenment countries.

6

Walka o kataster. Stosunki społeczne w południowych Włoszech w schyłkowym okresie feudalizmu na przykładzie jednej z gmin neapolitańskich.

80%

Dróżdż A.

Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

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2001

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vol. 1

47-62

PL

The notion of “the struggle of the cadastre” appears in the Italian historiography with reference to the reform and, at the same time, revindication tendencies which occurred both in the North and in the South of the Apennine Peninsula in the second half of the 18th century. On the basis of his own archival research, the author attempts to illustrate that phenomenon with the example of the community of San Martino Valle Caudina, situated between Naples and Benevento, where the unjust division of the land estates was the cause of numerous repetitive tensions and social disturbances, dating back to the 16th century. The reform of the cadastre, introduced at the order of Charles Bourbon in the forties of the 18th century, created the hope of improvement of the conditions of existence among the Neapolitan populace, because it forced the barons to document the feudal naturę of their real estates - otherwise, they would be subject to taxation just like any other land. The introduced cadastral system was characterised, on the one hand, by bureaucratic pedantry of calculating details, and on the other, by the indifference to the enormous feudal and church eamings which were exempt from taxes. During the creation of the cadastre, it often happened that the “deputies“ yielded to the barons and closed their eyes to the false certificates produced by them, thus depriving the communities of additional income; there were also cases, however, when the communities conducted fierce debates with the barons at the Royal Chamber Sommaria over the classification of an estate of dubious origin, and even resorted to breaking the law, which happened in the town of San Martino Valle Caudina. The dramatic experience accelerated the process of social awareness maturity among the local population. When the revolution broke out and the civil war began in 1799, the republicans found solid support in San Martino V.C.Thanks to the complete cadastral documentation of 2200 Neapolitan communities, it is possible today to reconstruct the picture of king Charles VII’s subjects of that time; one can determine their social and professional structure, the property and the budgets of communities, church and secular institutions, the level and the type of farming, the demographic phenomena, the property and financial status,the level of literacy, and even the health condition. Today, the cadastre books constitute a monumental work of the Neapolitan reformers, and a priceless source of information about the Kingdom ofNaples in mid-18th century. However, the author of this article did not stop at that, because he confronted the contents of the cadastre with the documentation of the church and feudal archives, which enabled him to deepen the conducted social analysis.

7

Kasy Stefczyka - czyli raiffeisenowska spółdzielczość kredytowa w rolnictwie chłopskim Polski niepodległej (1919- 1939).

80%

Mroczka L.

Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

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2001

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vol. 1

121-135

PL

The study is a continuation of an analysis of operation of the credit unions of the Fryderyk W. Reiffeisen type, whose activity on the Polish territories was initiated by Dr Franciszek Stefczyk under the Austrian occupation in 1890. In free Poland those unions were called Stefczyk’s Savings and Loan Banks in recognition of his merits. Apart from the change of name, their status and terms of operation also changed. The previous unlimited fmancial liability of the co-operatives was superseded by liability with the members’ shares. The scope of activities was expanded beyond savings and loans. The support of the State was limited, and while it retained its share in the initial Capital of the central bank of those co-operatives, it withdrew its contribution to cover part of the administrative costs. Although the nontransferability of member shares, the indivisibility of the initial Capital, the Iow interest ratę of the credits, and the rules of determining and distributing dividends were confirmed, the increasing costs caused broadening the commercialisation of the activities of the cooperatives. Nevertheless, they kept their naturę of credit institutions for smali and mediumsize farms. For that reason they did not expand considerably in the territories dominated by high-volume of specialised farming (Greater Poland). In 1938, Stefczyk’s credit unions gathered about 20% of peasant farm owners, the amount of their deposits in the central fund was over 7 million zlotys, the credit balance was circa 3.3 million zlotys, while the members’ savings were close to 1.2 million zlotys. Stefczyk’s credit unions also fulfilled an important role in the dissemination of knowledge of the savings and loan rules among the members of the social group which was most handicapped, thus protecting them against usury and negatively influencing the interest rates on the private credit market. Their strongest enemy proved to be the instability of currency, which was practically unknown before 1914, and which under the new circumstances ąuestioned the sense of saving. For that reason, smali producers outside of farming sustained serious losses, and it was actually they who most often deposited their surplus cash in Stefczyk’s credit unions, through which the working Capital was supplied to farmers.

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7 Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

1 Czop T.

1 Dróżdż A.

1 Jastrzębski J.

1 Jędrzejewski P.

1 Kawalla I.

1 Mroczka L.

1 Trojański P.

3 2013

1 2012

3 2001

Szkolmictwo handlowe w Krakowie w latach 1918-1939.

Uposażenie aststentów starszych w polskim państwowym szkolnictwie akademickim (od 1 października 1923 do 31 stycznia 1934 roku).

Kwestia organizacji cechowej rzemieślników żydowskich w województwie krakowskim w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym.

Komisja Specjalna do Walki z Nadużyciami i Szkodnictwem Gospodarczym - stan badań

Próby unowoczesnienia administracji lokalnej, przemysłu i rewitilizacji miast w województwie krakowskim w dobie stanisławowskiej (1764-1795).

Walka o kataster. Stosunki społeczne w południowych Włoszech w schyłkowym okresie feudalizmu na przykładzie jednej z gmin neapolitańskich.

Kasy Stefczyka - czyli raiffeisenowska spółdzielczość kredytowa w rolnictwie chłopskim Polski niepodległej (1919- 1939).