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Od akademii do akademii. Zabiegi o kształcenie górników w Krakowie (do początków XX wieku)

100%

Krawczyk J.

Galicja. Studia i materiały

2018

issue 4: "Codzienność w Galicji"

194-226

W artykule przedstawiono wieloletnie zabiegi, by utworzyć w Krakowie wyższe studia górnicze. Pierwsze próby sięgają jeszcze przełomu XVIII i XIX w., kiedy to Hugo Kołłątaj w projekcie reformy Akademii Krakowskiej proponował umieszczenie nauki górnictwa w programie nauczania. W pierwszej połowie XIX w. powstał projekt instytutu górnictwa przy Szkole Głównej Krakowskiej (1816), a później katedry górnictwa w Instytucie Technicznym (1848). W 1867 r. projektowano nawet utworzenie przy Instytucie Technicznym osobnego wydziału górnictwa. Wszystkie późniejsze pomysły upadły po reorganizacji Instytutu Technicznego i utworzeniu na jego bazie średniej Państwowej Szkoły Przemysłowej. Pewną namiastką studiów górniczych był organizowany od 1885 r. w politechnice lwowskiej „kurs przygotowawczy dla kandydatów zawodu górniczego”, którego jednak nie udało się przekształcić w pełnoprawny wydział górniczy. Na początku XX w. zabiegi o założenie w Krakowie wyższej szkoły górniczej, przy wielkim poparciu Rady Miasta Krakowa oraz zaangażowaniu środowiska polskich inżynierów górniczych z inż. Janem Zarańskim na czele, znów przybrały na sile. Ukoronowaniem wieloletnich zabiegów było najwyższe postanowienie cesarza Franciszka Józefa z 31 maja 1913 r. o utworzeniu Akademii Górniczej w Krakowie. Nowo powołana uczelnia miała rozpocząć działalność w październiku 1914 r., niestety wybuch wojny przesunął ten moment na rok 1919.

The article presents many years’ efforts to set up university level education for miners. The first attempts reach as far back as the turn of the 18th and the 19th century, which is when Hugo Kołłątaj suggested including mining science in the education syllabus in the Cracow Academy reorganization project. School (1816) (at present the Jagiellonian University) was set up, and later, of a chair of mining at the Technical Institute (1848). In 1967 it was even planned to established a separate mining department at the Technical Institute. All subsequent projects were dropped after the reorganization of the Technical Institute and founding the middle-level State Industrial School on its basis. A certain substitute for mining studies was „a preparatory course for mining profession candidates” organised at the Lviv Polytechnic from 1885, however the efforts of its transformation into a full mining faculty failed. At the beginning of the 20th century efforts to establish a university level mining school in Cracow, with great support of the Cracow City Council and the involvement of Polish mining engineers’ community under Eng. Jan Zarański’s leadership, increased. The ultimate achievement of many years efforts was the highest resolution of Emperor Franciszek Józef of May 31, 1913 on the establishment of a mining academy in Cracow. The newly founded university was to begin its activity in October 1914, unfortunately the outbreak of the war moved this moment to 1919.

Uposażenie asystentów młodszych w polskim państwowym szkolnictwie akademickim od 1 X 1923 do 31 I 1934 roku

63%

Jastrzębski J.

Biuletyn Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej

2012

vol. 62

181–201

The purpose of this article is to present the principles of remuneration of younger teaching assistants in Polish universities as well as the changes in the amount of their salaries between 1923 and 1934. Theses problems are presented against the background of three key moments in the economic history of the Second Polish Republic, that is, the hyperinflation (1923–1924), the currency reform of Władysław Grabski (1924) and the Great Depression (1929–1934).This article is based on source material and involves the analysis of legal documents from 1923 to 1934. It begins with an outline of the stages of changes in the law concerning academic salaries as well as of the place of the discussed point system between the preceeding multiplier system (1920–1923) and the succeeding fixed rate system (1934–1939). Subsequently, it presents the essence of the point system which was used from 1st October 1923 to 31st January 1934 in fixing salaries. Particular components of the salaries have been classified and distinguished. The first of these, that is, the reference salary, consisted in the basic salary and a regulatory allowance, and the second, that is, the supplementary salary, consisted in an economic support allowance and a household allowance. The reference salary was a salary to which every younger teaching assistant was entitled during the effective period of the point system. The subsidiary salary was a salary to which only some assistants were entitled, namely those who fulfilled certain criteria determined by the law (for example, they had families), or which could be admitted only temporarily. This article discusses the essence and purpose of each of these allowances as well as the mechanism of calculating their amount. The amount of particular components of remuneration was determined by salary points whose value depended on the rhythm of inflation. The value of one salary point was called the multiplier because the real value of the salaries was calculated by multiplying the number of points adscribed to each component by the current value of one salary point. Such a construction of the salary system allowed to react to changes in consumer prices in the economy in a quite elastic way and, in consequence, to better protect the purchasing power of the salary. The changes in the value of the salary point were initially very signficant and in the last months of 1923 they were ordered twice a month. Together with the reform of Władysław Grabski, fluctuations in this area diminished. Changes were usually made every month and they never exceeded a few Groschen each time. When in 1926 the public finances were successfully stabilised, the value of one salary point was anchored at a stable level, which remained unchanged until 1934. The present article also aims at showing the main advantages and disadvantages of the discussed remuneration system as well as the circumstances in which it was ushered in and abolished. The currency reform of 1924, which resulted in the replacement of the German Mark with the Polish Zloty (however, during the transition period both currencies circulated at the same time), has also been taken into account.

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1 Biuletyn Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej

1 Galicja. Studia i materiały

1 Jastrzębski J.

1 Krawczyk J.

1 2019

1 2012

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Od akademii do akademii. Zabiegi o kształcenie górników w Krakowie (do początków XX wieku)

Uposażenie asystentów młodszych w polskim państwowym szkolnictwie akademickim od 1 X 1923 do 31 I 1934 roku