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Krajinný motiv na lidovém malovaném nábytku

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EN
The article examines the possibility of using landscape motifs on folk furniture as a source for understanding the perception of landscape in Czech countryside in 1700s and 1800s. First, a brief overview of folk furniture is provided as a framework for understanding the importance and character of landscape paintings.Second, a detailed analysis of different landscape painting types and their regional differentiation is given. And finally, a critical reflection of the presented material regarding its potential use as a historical source for understanding landscape perception is offered. In conclusion, it is argued that folk furniture may be a useful source for historical studies but the landscape painting itself has severe limitations for the reconstruction of past landscapes.
EN
The author defines spiritual folk song as asubject of ethnology of the present and ethnomusicology, and focuses on the contribution of this research to interdisciplinary hymnology. It represents one of the options of critical use of the model of ethnographic research of the present village performed by Václav Frolec with team at the Masaryk University in Brno in the 1970s and 1980s It is a thematic concept of research and a qualitative method which goes from the chronology of sources to the study of cultural continuity and cultural changes. The author modifies this methodology for research on songs and presents three case analyses 1. Current forms of ritual communication and the change from the spiritual to the secular function of songs; 2. Two contexts of Baroque songs and contemporary culture; 3. Social function of the renewed customs and the origin of new Marian songs. Within this concept, ethnomusicology and ethnology of the present are part of historical ethnology.
EN
This article deals with encountering of history and ethnology during the study of the village of the past centuries. On the basis of the study itself I show how often I am obliged to use historical methods, in spite of the fact that I study the subject from the ethnological point of view. Kročehlavy was a small village in the 16th century. It consisted just of seven farmsteads. In the 17th century, two of those farmsteads had been bought for the needs of the manor-house. After the thirty Years’ War, the reconstruction proceeded very slowly. Manorial nobility rebuilt the manor-house and increased so the corvée. On account of the manor-house and the unsatisfactory remedy of the war damage, the area of the villiens’ farmsteads was reduced. simultaneously, the lord of the manor transferred the dues to the pastor of Kladno from the original farmsteads, that were transformed to the manor-house, to the villeins. However, these villeins refused it and rebelled against this practice.Their resistance was so great that they were expelled from the farmhouses, which were then occupied by the German colonists from the Broumov manor. During those turbulent circumstances, the farmland was divided into lots. this period was followed by peaceful development.
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