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Політичний компроміс як засіб урегулювання конфліктно-кризових ситуацій

100%

Абуржейла С.

Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona

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2016

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vol. 6

299-305

EN

In modern terms the crucial issue is research on conflict settlement issues and crises through political compromise. These studies help to identify the causes and minimize the effects of conflict, crisis, namely to find out the factors abrupt change of state-government relations, the destabilization of economic processes under conditions of market abuse group interests and the emergence of social contradictions; identify the causes of unexpected displays of aggression within a country or between two countries; to establish the role of international organizations, national political parties and influential people who make decisions in complex social and political situations; analyze the effectiveness of settling disputes regarding the specification of borders between countries, violation of the sovereignty of individual states, the manifestations of separatism; understand the nature of officials in achieving the various kinds of temporary or long-term agreements, arrangements etc. For comprehensive understanding of the conflict logic and settlement of crises a methodology and technologies settlement of conflicts should be used. In the context of justification of political compromise as a means of conflict resolution, the usage of the comparative method allows: to trace the history and the actual content of the events associated with the use of the settlement of conflicts and crisis situations within individual countries and on international arena; delve into the complex twists and turns of a new world order, demonstrating both success and failure in achieving peace and social cohesion; trace capabilities for monitoring recent developments in the context of their impact on international political relations and democratic development in general. The historical method lets analyze competition in a globalized, knowledge and fill clarify contradictions possibility of a political settlement. History shows various options for the use of political compromise. In particular, in extremely difficult conditions applied so-called «bailout» tradeoffs that ignores fundamental ideological differences and contradictions associated with the operation of the opposing political systems. It is primarily about the anti-Hitler coalition as an opportunity to overcome the hazards common to the world. Another historically proven option should be considered as the best compromise that is associated with a particular unique situation of long-term crisis. This compromise, in particular, can be considered Spain transition from authoritarianism to democracy, without bringing the matter to the escalating conflict, negotiate ruling forces of the moderate and democratic opposition. Political and legal approach in the context of research policy facilitates compromise standards and features action legislation and necessary relations arising from their content. Compromise recorded in the legal act may conceal the danger in case if it ignores the realities of political life. These compromises, in particular, include the Munich Agreement of 1938, which, despite all politicians’ expectations have not been able to contain the aggression of Nazi Germany. In modern terms this can be considered a dangerous compromise Minsk II as an attempt to extinguish the Russian-Ukrainian conflict in Donbas. Such compromises can be seen as self-deception, political error unconscious surrender to the aggressor. Application sociological approach shows that the study of political issues take into account the interaction of social relations and resolving social conflicts, and compliance with existing social norms. Watching as political processes, phenomena and functioning of national political systems can be attributed to many causes and consequences of conflict within individual countries and between different countries. The sociological approach to record formal relations that have pseudo-democratic content in political, economic, social, cultural, military and social life and can lead to a complex problem. Political decisions in conditions of conflict-crisis situations involving the possibility of partial or final changes to stop undesirable developments or negative trends. Under these conditions, a policy designed to provide theoretical and practical policy approaches involving the use of compromise. There are a number of options that can be easily used in domestic political decisions, but the level of external change is much more difficult, since international commitments still unable to make a decisive impact on participants in international relations.

2

Walter Benjamin i rozstrajanie nawyków historyka

94%

Farge A.

Praktyka Teoretyczna

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2017

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vol. 23

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issue 1

16-23

EN

This essay attempts to outline a historical method developed from the late writings of Walter Benjamin. Arlette Farge argues that in Passagenwerk, the work about Leskov and in On the Concept of History, the German philosopher succeeded in portraying a new way of thinking about history. This was an approach that offered the historian access not only to facts but also to particular experiences, felt emotions, desires or dreams. As Farge posits, Michel Foucault and Michel de Certeau, among others, conducted their studies using a similar method.

PL

Esej stanowi próbę naszkicowania metody historycznej budowanej w oparciu o późne pisma Waltera Benjamina. Arlette Farge przekonuje, że w Pasażach, pracy o Leskowie i w O pojęciu historii niemieckiemu filozofowi udało się przedstawić nowy sposób myślenia o historii, dający szanse na dotarcie nie tylko do suchych faktów, ale do konkretnych doświadczeń, przeżywanych emocji, pragnień, snutych marzeń. Jak przekonuje Farge, przy użyciu podobnej metody swoje badania mieli prowadzić między innymi Michel Foucault oraz Michel de Certeau.

3

Die Bibel als Begründungsanfang der evangelischen Theologie Eine systematisch-theologische Erinnerung an den Breslauer und Greifswalder Neutestamentler Ernst Lohmeyer

84%

Theißen H.

Gdański Rocznik Ewangelicki

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2014

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vol. 8

265-279

EN

The life and work of New Testament scholar Ernst Lohmeyer (1890-1946) of Breslau (1921-1935) and Greifswald (1935-1946) deserves reconsideration not only due to his innovative contributions to early Jewish and Judaeo-Christian apocalypticism, but also because his entire theology mirrors a renewed understanding of the relationship between Christianity and Judaism. Building on Andreas Köhn's research on Lohmeyer's biography, particularly his unpublished correspondence with his publisher Gustav Ruprecht, the present essay focuses on Lohmeyer's understanding of revelation. Influenced by Franz Rosenzweig's philosophy of religion and Richard Hönigswald's Neo-Kantian epistemology, Lohmeyer develops a comparative concept of revelation that links biblical sources to Christian doctrine and thus steers a middle path between historical analysis (e.g., A. Jülicher) and dogmatic application of biblical texts (e.g., K. Barth). Inspired by this concept, it is argued in the first half (I) of the essay that the Bible serves as a starting-point for the dogmatic discourse by determining the questions theological doctrine is supposed to answer. This leads to the five theses of the second section (II) of the essay: Thesis #1: Instead of teaching a particular trinitarian doctrine, the Bible ra-ther asks the question what the relationship between Jesus and God was like. Thesis #2: The doctrine of the triune God is not an unbiblical invention by the the church, but answers questions which the Bible raises inevitably (cf. I Cor 12:3). Thesis #3: While the New Testament and the mainline trinitarian doctrines agree about the relationship between Jesus and God, their ideas about the canonical status of Scripture disagree. Thesis #4: The writers of the New Testament presuppose that in Jesus God offers unconditional salvation for mankind. The ecclesial traditions behind the trinitarian doctrine share this belief, but try to argue for it rationally. Thesis #5: There are different ways of reading the Bible within the Christian communnity. Besides its liturgical use as a source for what is said and done in worship, the Bible can also function as a starting-point for arguing dogmatically for the truth of the Christian belief by determining the questions this belief has to cope with.

PL

Artykuł omawia zagadnienie wiary jako centralnego motywu teologii ewangelickiej w kontekście twórczości teologicznej wrocławskiego i gryfickiego nowotestamentowa Ensta Lohmeyera (1890-1946). Na początku ukazano osobę i dzieło Lohmeyera, ukazując go jako wybitnego znawcę Nowego Testamentu, autora wielu komentarzy egzegetycznych do pism Nowego Testamentu, a zwłaszcza listów apostoła Pawła. Druga część omawia dziedzictwo teologiczne Lohmeyera, akcentując znaczenie pojęcia wiary dla całej teologii ewangelickiej. Lohmeyer w swych publikacjach egzegetycznych, wskazywał między innymi na fakt, że wiara trynitarna ma oparcie w Biblii. Główne motywy teologii wrocławskiego biblisty zestawiono w 5 tezach: 1. Biblia nie zawiera nauki trynitranej, lecz pozostawia otwarta kwestię relacji pomiędzy Jezusem a Bogiem. 2. Nauka trynitarna nie jest pozabiblijnym wynalazkiem Kościoła. 3. Pomiędzy Nowym Testamentem a nauka trynitarną zachodzi zjawisko rzeczowej kontynuacji. 4. W Nowym Testamencie, relacja pomiędzy Jezusem a Bogiem jest podstawą czynu zbawczego, podczas gdy nauka trynitarna jest wynikiem logicznego następstwa i argumentacji o charakterze teologicznym. 5. Różne formy użycia Biblii, także w liturgii, prowadzą do stwierdzenia, że Biblia stanowi podstawę wszelkiej wiary chrześcijańskiej.

4

Raymond Saleilles (1855-1912)

67%

Klimaszewska A.

Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego

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2017

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vol. 26

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issue 1

5-38

EN

This article is devoted to the life and views of Raymond Saleilles, whose output is still practically unknown in Poland. Even though the predicates of his anti-positivist concepts are regarded to have lain the foundations for the school of free scientific research, he is not as widely recognized as François Gény, whom he certainly inspired. Although Raymond Saleilles considered himself primarily a civilist, he left an enormous and diverse legacy regarding many branches of law; this legacy, marginalized for many years, has been recently receiving much attention, not only in France, as his various views, such as the postulate of a vertical and horizontal perspective in comparative law studies, are of universal value.

5

O wyborze metody estymacji wartości zagrożonejna przykładzie portfela narażonego na ryzykozmian kursów USD/PLN i EUR/PLN

59%

Andrzej Stryjek A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Bankowej we Wrocławiu

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2013

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issue 2(34)

393-408

PL

W artykule rozważany jest problem wyboru optymalnej metody szacowania wartości zagrożonej. Na przykładzie portfela narażonego na ryzyko zmiany kursów USD/PLN i EUR/PLN pokazane jest, że średni poziom VaR w okresie testowym lub średnia z kwadratów odchyleń od rzeczywistych zysków i strat portfela w tym okresie mogą być użyte jako dodatkowe kryterium wyboru metody estymacji VaR. W badaniu porównywane były następujące metody estymacji VaR: metoda kowariancji, metoda historyczna oraz metody symulacyjne z wykorzystaniem kopuli Claytona, Franka i Ali-Mikhail-Haqa. Przy tym w metodach symulacyjnych w części przypadków użyto estymacji metodą minimalnej odległości Cramera von Mises równolegle z typowym sposobem estymacji parametru kopuli, tj. metodą największej wiarygodności.

EN

In the paper we investigate the problem of the optimal choice of the method for VaR estimation. On the basis of the portfolio exposed to the risk of fluctuations for USD/PLN and EUR/PLN fixed rates it is shown that the mean level of VaR or the mean squared error in the test period can be used as an additional criterion for choice of method for VaR estimation. The following VaR estimation methods were compared in the study: the covariance method, the historical method and the simulation methods based on the Clayton copula, the Frank copula and the Ali-Mikhail-Haq copula. Additionally, for the simulation methods in some cases the author uses the minimum distance estimation with Cramer von Mises distance function parallel to the standard way of the copula parameter estimation i.e. maximum likelihood estimation.

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1 Gdański Rocznik Ewangelicki

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1 Studia Politologica Ucraino-Polona

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1 Klimaszewska A.

1 Theißen H.

1 Абуржейла С.

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Політичний компроміс як засіб урегулювання конфліктно-кризових ситуацій

Walter Benjamin i rozstrajanie nawyków historyka

Die Bibel als Begründungsanfang der evangelischen Theologie Eine systematisch-theologische Erinnerung an den Breslauer und Greifswalder Neutestamentler Ernst Lohmeyer

Raymond Saleilles (1855-1912)

O wyborze metody estymacji wartości zagrożonejna przykładzie portfela narażonego na ryzykozmian kursów USD/PLN i EUR/PLN