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Co możemy wyczytać ze struktury słowa? Poszukiwania przy okazji badań diachronicznych

100%
Jakubowicz M.
Język a Kultura
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2015
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vol. 25
11-20
EN
The article discusses the causes of the disappearance of the association of derivatives with a derivational base visible during diachronic and etymological research. These may include the following: — disappearance or asubstantial change of the form of the word which is the basis for derivation; — change of the meaning of the derivational base or the derivative; — disappearance of the productivity of certain word-formative mechanisms (e.g. apophony); — disappearance of certain word-formative means, e.g. prefixes, which causes the word that arises by this means to be interpreted as anon-compound word; — obliteration of the original structure by phonetic changes which occur at the junction of morphemes; — change of realia. The particular causes of the changes are illustrated by examples derived from the Polish language.
2
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The Present Participle Mark-ing in East Midland Middle English: A Corpus Study

63%
Budna A.
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
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2014
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issue 23/2
42-51
EN
The present paper contains a description of the distribution of the typical forms of the present participle marker in the East Midland dialect, one which also incorporates the relatively autonomous dialectal areas of East Anglia and London. The major contrasting characteristic of the conservative and the advanced types was materialised in the opposition between the old nd-forms and the new ng-forms. The evidence for the present study comes from the prose and poetic texts of the 13th–15th centuries compiled in the electronic versions of the Innsbruck computer archive of machine-readable English texts (ICAMET), Penn-Helsinki parsed corpus of Middle English (PPCME2), Chadwyck-Healey’s English poetry full-text database, The Auchinleck manuscript, and the Michigan Corpus of Middle English prose and verse. The selected texts are those from localized manuscripts, established on the basis of the Catalogue of sources for a linguistic atlas of Early Medieval English (LAEME) and A linguistic atlas of Late Mediaeval English (LALME). The present contribution is another instalment in a series of papers devoted to the rise and spread of the present participle form -ing(e) in Middle English.
3
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Zmiany w paradygmacie koniugacyjnym od gockiego po współczesną niemczyznę

51%
Woźnicka M., Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza, Marta Woźnicka. Od 2007 roku adiunkt w Zakładzie Gramatyki Opisowej Języka Niemieckiego Instytutu Filologii Germańskiej UAM (rozprawa doktorska pt.: „Die Wortfolge in der Erzählung «Unkenrufe» von Günter Grass” F. a. M. L. Z. j. g., marado@amu.edu.pl
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Studia Indogermanica Lodziensia. Supplementary Series
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2015
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vol. 4
EN
Józef Darski, the author of the “Linguistic Model of Analysis” (“Linguistisches Analysemodell”) [1987; 2004] has underlined numerous times in his publications that his model of analysis is only appropriate for the synchronic description of a language. In his considerations Darski pursues precision, which on the one hand enables him to exemplify his model on a number of European languages, namely German, English, French and Polish, and at the same time lets him reach a level of abstraction that guarantees successful application of the mentioned model to research on other languages. Conversely, Michail L. Kotin [2008; 2012] has shown that Darski’s model can very well be used for diachronic research. The article presents the problems of describing the structure of synthetic grammar verb forms in Gothic, Old, Middle and New High German from a synchronic perspective, that is for each of the particular stages of the development of the German language and in Gothic, and from a diachronic perspective, taking into account the historical and comparative aspects, including the relevant language transformations and their role in the forming of the modern paradigm of verb conjugation. The research uses the model of linguistic analysis devised by Józef Darski; however the analysis, was extended by diachronic threads. Since within this article it is impossible to present a complete analysis of the historical language material, the microparadigmas of the indicative and subjunctive moods of both strong and weak verbs were chosen for this purpose.
DE
Der Autor des „Linguistischen Analysemodells“ [1987; 2004], Józef Darski, hat in seinen Publikationen mehrmals betont, dass sein Analysemodell ausschließlich synchron konzipiert ist, d.h. seine Methoden beziehen sich auf einen gegebenen synchronen Querschnitt einer gegebenen Sprache. In seinen Ausführungen strebt Darski nach Präzision, die ihm einerseits die Präsentation seines Modells am Beispiel gewählter europäischer Sprachen, u.a. des Deutschen, Englischen, Französischen und Polnischen ermöglicht, andererseits erlaubt sie ihm den Abstraktionsgrad zu erreichen, der die günstige Anwendung des Modells zur Untersuchung anderer Sprachen gewährleistet. Michail L. Kotin [2008; 2012] hat dagegen bewiesen, dass Darskis Überlegungen auch aus der Perspektive des Sprachwandels betrachtet werden können. Im Artikel werden die Probleme der Beschreibung von synthetischen verbalen Formen im Gotischen, Alt-, Mittel- und Neuhochdeutschen sowohl synchron, d.h. getrennt für das Gotische und jede einzelne historische Etappe des Deutschen, als auch diachron, d.h. im historischen Vergleich, der entsprechende Sprachwandelerscheinungen sowie ihre Rolle bei der Gestaltung des gegenwärtigen Verbalparadigmas berücksichtigt, behandelt. Die Analyse wird anhand des Modells von Józef Darski durchgeführt, wobei sie um diachronische Aspekte erweitert wird. Da im Rahmen dieses Beitrags unmöglich ist, die Analyse des ganzen historischen Sprachmaterials vorzunehmen, wurden zu diesem Zweck Mikroparadigmen des Indikativs sowie Konjunktivs starker wie schwacher Verben gewählt.
4
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Porijeklo i smisao toponimâ Tivat i Teodo

45%
Abović M.
Acta onomastica
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2024
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vol. 65
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issue 1
5-15
EN
This paper deals with the origin and meaning of the toponyms Tivat and T(h)eodo, as well as the problem of their demarcation. The hypotheses about the origin of toponym Tivat presented before this article are considered completely unsatisfactory. In this study, it is assumed that the toponym Tivat might have been derived from the (ancient) Greek lexeme τῑφώδης/τειφώδης (tiphōdēs/teiphōdēs) ‘swampy’. This hypothesis is based on the existence of swampy land near the sea coast within Tivat municipality, especially in the region called Solila. Although this is not a completely flawless theory in view of some phonological elements, i.e. some small irregularities in phonetic development τειφώδης > Tivat, it can be accepted at least as a form of a very probable hypothesis, particularly because of the archaeological evidence: ancient Greek pottery dated back to the 5th century BC found on the territory of Tivat municipality, in the swampy Solila region. The toponym T(h)eodo originated more likely as a hypocoristic of the Greek personal name Θεόδωρος, i.e. Latin version of the name Theodorus. Sanctus Theodorus was primarily a name of a monastery on the territory of contemporary Tivat municipality; hypocoristic of name T(h)eodorus – T(h)eodo later became a (micro)toponym for the area around that monastery.
CS
Příspěvek se zabývá původem a významem toponym Tivat a T(h)eodo a také problémem jejich vymezení. Dosavadní hypotézy o původu tivatských toponym jsou zcela neuspokojivé. V článku je vyslovena domněnka, že toponymum Tivat bylo odvozeno ze starořeckého lexému tiphōdēs/teiphōdēs ‚bažinatý‘. Tato hypotéza vychází ze skutečnosti, že část území obce Tivat poblíž mořského pobřeží je bažinatá, zejména v oblasti zvané Solila. I když hypotéza o etymologii toponyma Tivat má jisté nedostatky – vezmeme-li v úvahu některé fonologické faktory, tedy některé drobné nepravidelnosti ve fonetickém vývoji τειφώδης (teiphōdēs) > Tivat – je možné ji přijmout přinejmenším jako velmi pravděpodobnou teorii, zejména z důvodů archeologické povahy: starověká řecká keramika z 5. století př. n. l. z území dnešní obce Tivat byla nalezena právě v mokřadní oblasti Solila. Toponymum T(h)eodo vzniklo nejspíše jako hypokoristikum řeckého osobního jména Θεόδωρος (Theodōros), tzn. latinské verze toho jména – T(h)eodorus. Sanctus Theodorus byl název kláštera na území dnešní obce Tivat; hypokoristický T(h)eodorus – T(h)eodo se později stal označením pro oblast kolem tohoto kláštera.
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