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Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck – wizerunek ze skazą

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EN
The subject of the article is general Paul Emil von Lettow- Vorbeck (1870-1964). He was the commander of the German army in East Africa during the First World War, where he gained the reputation of an invincible and chivalrous leader. For many German people he was a national hero. He never came to terms with the fall of monarchy in Germany, in the period of the Weimar Republic he represented the previous era, continuing to be a champion of colonialism and reconstruction of the German army. In the period of the Third Reich Lettow-Vorbeck did not join the National Socialist German Workers' Party (German: NSDAP), but nevertheless collaborated with the regime. After the Second World War he again became a hero of the collective imagination, however in the 1960s he was strongly criticized. The article presents not only the biography of Lettow-Vorbeck but also how his myth was created in the public sphere and how he was perceived by the society and media in particular periods.
EN
This article is an analysis of Tunel (The Tunnel), the novel by Magdalena Parys, a Polish author living in Germany. The action of the book focuses on the fictional construction of an escape tunnel built under the border wall between the western and eastern part of Berlin in the early 1980s. This, somehow, predestines Parys’s work to be read in the context of transgression, and crossing limitations. Starting with the writer’s non-literary inspirations, the article shows the multiplicity of literal and metaphorical meanings of the term “border” and examines how the motif functions in the presented world.
PL
Autor w swoim artykule prezentuje sylwetkę niemieckiego socjologa Wernera Sombarta. Koncentruje się zasadniczo na kierunkach jego kariery naukowej. Omówione zostały zasadnicze etapy kształtowania się tego procesu w oparciu o publikacje Sombarta. Wskazuje się również na uwarunkowania polityczne panujące w Niemczech na przełomie XIX i XX wieku i wpływające na obraz tej kariery. Ukazane zostały ponadto pewne aspekty charakterologiczne bohatera artykułu, które nie pozostawały bez wpływu na przebieg opisywanego zjawiska.
EN
The author in his article presents the figure of the German sociologist Werner Sombart. Focuses basically on the directions of his scientific career. The basic stages of this process are discussed based on Sombart’s publications. It also indicates the political conditions prevailing in Germany at the turn of the 19th and 20th century that affect the image of this career. In addition, some characterological aspects of the hero of the article are shown. However, they did not affect the course of the phenomenon described.
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