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Naukowe i ideologiczne inspiracje najstarszych niemieckojęzycznych prac o przemyśle łódzkim

100%
Woźniak K. P.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Germanica
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2017
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issue 13
125-137
EN
At the turn of 19th and 20th centuries the first academic writings on the Lodz textile industry were developed.Their authors were descendants of Lodz factory owners who studied at German universities (Frida Bielschowsky, Kurt Schweikert), as well as researchers not connected with Lodz (Róża Luksemburg, Alfred Scholz). The common feature of these research papers was their histori­cal and economical view of the subject. The article characterizes the main thesis of the writings and shows the influence of Marxist theory as well as the ideas of the younger German school of econo­mics. The sources of glorification in the presentation of the achievements and influence of German industrialists were also discussed.The article contains a thesis on the permanency of the Lodz indu­strial image which was created in the discussed academic writings.
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Wątki antysemickie w „Kurierze Łódzkim” w okresie międzywojennym

75%
Hrycek M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
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2012
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vol. 17
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issue 3
17-30
XX
“Kurier Łódzki”, boasting a rich publishing tradition, was one of the most important daily newspapers in the Interwar period. Thanks to, among others, “Kurier’s” owner, Jan Stypułkowski and his activities, Łódź soon stopped being regarded as a mere pro-vincial publishing centre. Spreading over the country, Łódź's daily papers won a reader-ship in many regions of Poland. Stypułkowski's publications, including “Kurier Łódzki”, the paramount title, exerted a significant influence on the development of press in Łódź. Stypułkowski's daily newspaper consistently followed its editorial policy, as the news-paper evolved. Nonetheless, “Kurier” continued to present the national and Catholic values. Its attitude towards national minorities, especially to the Jewish one, was un-equivocal. The anti-Semitic rhetoric was the most pronounced in the first years of the Second Polish Republic. Although it was gradually becoming more substantive and factual, it could hardly be defined as objective.
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Zaciąg do armii ochotniczej w Okręgu Generalnym Wojska Polskiego nr IV Łódź latem 1920 roku

51%
Jarno W.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue 2
165-191
EN
The subject of the article is the enlistment for the Volunteer Army in District General No. IV Lodz in the summer of 1920. It was run by the Regional Inspectorate of the Volunteer Army in Lodz (its commander was Colonel Michał Zienkiewicz), who cooperated in this regard with social organizations and local structures of political parties. This Inspectorate oversaw the conduct of agitation, recruitment and the process of forming volunteer troops. The Volunteer Army strengthened the Polish Army at the most difficult moment of the Polish-Bolshevik war, when the Red Army tried master the capital of Poland. Recruitment to the Volunteer Army in District General No. IV Lodz gave the Polish army almost 13,400. volunteers, including scouts – almost 14 thousand. Initially, military authorities was planned to create eight volunteer infantry regiments, but eventually were formed only two incompletely regiments (No. 229 and 231) and 21 independent companies consisting of volunteers. Apart from volunteer infantry units, was formed in Kalisz a volunteer 203 Uhlan Regiment, created by the Reserve Squadron of the 3rd Uhlan Regiment. The recruitment to volunteer troops – given its short duration from July to September - was a success for the Polish military authorities, as the volunteers strengthened the regular army at a critical moment of the war. Also the society of the Lodz region has shown that in the most important moments for Poland it is capable of making great sacrifices in the name of defending the independence of the country.
PL
Tematem artykułu jest zaciąg do Armii Ochotniczej w Okręgu Generalnym nr IV Łódź latem 1920 r. Prowadził go Okręgowy Inspektorat Armii Ochotniczej w Łodzi (jego komendantem był płk Michał Zienkiewicz), który współpracował w tym zakresie z organizacjami społecznymi oraz lokalnymi strukturami partii politycznych. Inspektorat nadzorował prowadzenie agitacji i werbunku oraz proces formowania oddziałów ochotniczych. Armia Ochotnicza miała wzmocnić siłę polskiej armii w najtrudniejszym momencie wojny polsko-bolszewickiej, gdy Armia Czerwona próbowała zająć stolicę Polski. Akcja zaciągu do Armii Ochotniczej w Okręgu Generalnym nr IV Łódź dała polskiej armii niemal 13,4 tys. ochotników, zaś wliczając harcerzy – niemal 14 tys. Początkowo planowano utworzyć osiem ochotniczych pułków piechoty, lecz ostatecznie udało się sformować jedynie dwa niepełnie pułki (nr 229 i 231) oraz 21 samodzielnych kompanii złożonych z ochotników. Poza ochotniczymi oddziałami piechoty, sformowano również ochotniczy 203 Pułku Ułanów w Kaliszu utworzony przez Szwadron Zapasowy 3 Pułku Ułanów. Przebieg zaciągu – biorąc pod uwagę krótki czas jego trwania od lipca do września – był sukcesem polskich władz wojskowych, gdyż ochotnicy wzmocnili regularną armię w krytycznym momencie wojny. Również społeczeństwo województwa łódzkiego pokazało, iż w chwilach najważniejszych dla Polski zdolne jest do wielkich poświęceń w imię obrony niepodległości kraju.
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