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EN
The aim of the article is to discuss the reasons why Nicolaus Copernicus, who was studying law in Bologna, in 1500 went to Rome with his brother Andrzej. In the first part, sources relating directly to the stay of the Copernicus brothers in the Eternal City were presented and analysed. In the second part, the author discusses various motivations that could have prompted the scholars of Toruń to visit Rome (the desire to see monuments and become acquainted with the intellectual atmosphere of the city; to earn money and gain experience in the legal profession; to obtain jubilee indulgences and visit holy sites).
PL
Celem artykułu jest omówienie powodów, dla jakich Mikołaj Kopernik odbywający studia prawnicze w Bolonii udał się do Rzymu w 1500 roku wraz ze swoim bratem Andrzejem. W pierwszej części zostały przedstawione i poddane krytyce źródła mówiące bezpośrednio o pobycie braci Koperników w Wiecznym Mieście; w drugiej zaś autor omawia różne motywacje, które mogły skłonić toruńskich scholarów do podróży nad Tyber (chęć zobaczenia zabytków i zapoznania się z intelektualną atmosferą miasta; pragnienie zarobienia pieniędzy i zdobycia doświadczenia w zawodzie prawniczym; chęć uzyskania odpustu jubileuszowego i odwiedzenia miejsc świętych).
EN
Tacitus’texts are permeated with fear. This effect is reached as a result of the use of a rich vocabulary related to fear and numerous scenes in which fear plays a major role. The structure of Tacitus’stories is in fact composed of the overlapping kinds of fear caused and felt by people in power, participating in its execution, aspiring to hold it and subjected to it. Consequently, the stories expose the mechanism of Roman power, which was driven and fueled by fear. The reason why Tacitus used the description of fear in the historical texts also seems to be significant. The aim of this article is therefore to look at the semantic layer of the words that the historian used to illustrate fear, to emphasize the aspect of power within interpersonal relations, which were almost entirely based on fear, and to indicate the reason that could have prompted Tacitus to use this feeling in presenting the history of Rome.
FR
Les œuvres de Tacite sont imprégnées de peur. Le résultat a été obtenu grâce à l’utilisation d’un riche vocabulaire lié à la peur et de nombreuses scènes dans lesquelles la peur joue un rôle important. La structure des récits de Tacite se compose d’un chevauchement de diverses craintes, causées et ressenties par les personnages qui exercent le pouvoir, ceux qui le convoitent et ceux qui le subissent. Par conséquent, les histoires décrivent les mécanismes de la puissance de Rome, conduite et assurée par la peur. La raison pour laquelle Tacite emploie la description de la peur dans ses textes historiques nous paraît significative. Le but de cet article est d’analyser la couche sémantique des mots dont l’historien se sert pour illustrer la peur, de souligner les aspects du pouvoir dans les relations interpersonnelles, qui étaient entièrement fondées sur la peur, et d’indiquer ce qui a pu inciter Tacite à utiliser ce sentiment dans la présentation de l’histoire de Rome.
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