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1

Powołanie Kierownictwa Badań nad Początkami Państwa Polskiego

100%
Szczerba A.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
|
2017
|
vol. 65
13-18
EN
The Department for Studies on the Origins of the Polish State was established in 1949 in order to conduct extensive interdisciplinary research on the origins and functioning of the State of the First Piasts. The research project started a year earlier due to the necessity to celebrate a thousand years of the Polish State and the 1000th anniversary of the Baptism of Poland. The process of “preparing the great anniversary”, which was interpreted by the Catholic Church and the State in a different way and whose scientific aims were strongly influenced by politics, was undoubtedly the biggest initiative in the history of the Polish humanities research after World War II . These millennial studies have improved the state of our knowledge on the origins of the Polish statehood and the importance of Poland on the map of early medieval Europe. They also played an important social and political role in developing national consciousness of the Polish society after changing the borders in 1945.
2
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Polish archaeological investigations on linear construction projects – contemporaneity and tradition

80%
Chochorowski J.
Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia
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2016
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vol. 11
289-310
3

Badania milenijne na Pomorzu Zachodnim.Przebieg, znaczenie, skutki

80%
Rębkowski M.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
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2017
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vol. 65
117-131
EN
The course, character and conditions of the excavations conducted in 1948-1966 in Pomerania as part of the program research on the origins of the Polish State were discussed in the paper. Their effects and significance for the development of archaeology in this region of Poland were evaluated.
4

Starania Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie o przeprowadzenie badań grodziska na Zawodziu w Kaliszu w latch 1903-1922

80%
Woźny M.
Materiały Archeologiczne
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2013
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vol. 39
195-209
EN
The hillfort in Zawodzie in Kalisz has been the subject of scientific interest since the mid-19th century. In 1903, small-scale survey research of the object was carried out by Włodzimierz Demetrykiewicz, connected with the Academy of Arts and Sciences in Krakow. Later, on his initiative the Academy made an endeavour to examine and protect the site. However, all attempts to organise a scientific expedition, undertaken both in 1904 and in the beginning of the 1920s, ended in failure, and serious research of the object commenced after World War II
5

Polscy Ukraińcy i ukraińscy Polacy w lwowskiej archeologii lat 1905-1945

80%
Kozłowski S. K.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
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2013
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vol. 61
233-241
EN
The author reveals friendly relations and scientific history of archaeology of Eastern Galicia in the years 1905-1945. The paper is cartographically illustrated.
6

Medieval sacred monuments on the territory of Halych-Volynian Rus’: the history of research in the XIX – early XX centuries

70%
Lutsyk I., Bulyk N.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
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2022
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vol. 70
245-274
EN
The article is devoted to the history of the discovery of and research into medieval monuments of sacred architecture and their complexes from the princely Halych and Volhynian territory, carried out during the 19th and early 20th centuries. It reflects the circumstances and conditions for researching the territory, which, due to historical events, were part of different empires (namely, the Russian and Habsburg). It is noted which scientists and institutions were engaged in the study of antiquities and under whose control such study took place. The article presents the main results of archaeological and architectural studies of sacred architecture, the complex of remains of wooden and brick temples held in Volhynia and Podillia, namely in Lutsk, Volodymyr and the surrounding area, Bakota on the Dniester, as well as in Eastern Galicia and Bukovyna, namely Halych and its environs, and Vasyliv. In this context, the discovery of burials within or outside churches and in church cemeteries was noted. Emphasis was made on the discoveries of the remains of the princes in the Assumption Cathedral in Volodymyr.
7

Against Gandalf the Grey: towards a Sherlockian Reading of the History of Archaeological Thought

61%
Kobiałka D.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2014
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vol. 66
417–447
EN
Contemporary archaeologies are complex and diverse. It was New Archaeology which clearly showed the crucial role of theory in archaeological research (e.g. Binford 1962). Although post-processual archaeologists have been opposed to many ideas of New Archaeology, they have never questioned the need of theories in archaeology (e.g. Thomas 1996; Tilley 1997; Sørenson 2000). However, there are fields of archaeology which do not seem to be closely enough touched by theory. Without any doubt, one of them is the history of archaeological thought (but see Gillberg 2001; Gustafsson 2001; Jensen 2002). When one compares books which deal with the history of archaeology, one can discover that they are structured in a very similar way (e.g. Abramowicz 1991; Baudou 2004; Trigger 2006). In accordance with it, one sees chronological and linear way of writing about the history of archaeology, following hand in hand with cause and effect thinking. Surprisingly, the very same observation concerns theoreticians of archaeology too (Schnapp 1996; Shanks 1996; Thomas 1996; 2004). They are eager to present new ways of doing archaeology, always ready to criticise previous archaeologies, at any moment tempted to theorise on a particular topic. Nonetheless, the history of archaeology is unproblematic, something what resists theoretical reflection. That is why the goal of this paper is to discuss this allegedly unproblematic understanding of the history of archaeology.
8

Leon Kozłowski (1892-1944) – krakowski etap życia naukowca, żołnierza, polityka

61%
Woźny M.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
|
2021
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vol. 69
243-278
EN
Leon Kozłowski (1892-1944), the outstanding prehistorian, soldier, and politician, was connected with Kraków from the beginning of his studies until he obtained his postdoctoral degree. He studied natural sciences and then archaeology at the Jagiellonian University while being also an unofficial assistant at the Archaeological Museum of the Academy of Arts and Sciences in Kraków. The Academy appointed him to explore Lusatian cemeteries near Tarnobrzeg, to excavate a Palaeolithic site in Jaksice (former Miechów district), megalithic graves in Kuyavia, and the Mammoth Cave in the Polish Jura. He collected materials for the Academy during a scientific expedition to the Crimea and the Caucasus organized by Robert Rudolf Schmidt (1882-1950) from the University of Tübingen. During the First World War, Kozłowski joined the Polish Legions and was thus involved in the struggle for Polish independence. He moved to Warsaw to write his doctoral thesis based on the collection of the Erazm Majewski Museum and then defended it in Tübingen. After he gained his postdoctoral degree in Kraków, he took the chair of prehistory in Lwów/Lviv and his contacts with the Jagiellonian University and the Academy of Arts and Sciences in Kraków came to a close. It was only in 1935 that he was elected a corresponding member of the Academy.
9
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Otto Braasch (1936–2021) i rozwój archeologii lotniczej w Polsce

61%
Kobyliński Z.
Wiadomości Archeologiczne
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2022
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vol. LXXIII
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issue 73
277-291
EN
The article presents the role of Otto Braasch, a German pilot and aerial archaeologist in the development of aerial archaeology in Poland in the last decade of the 20th century. Otto Braasch at the age of 20 obtained a glider pilot license, and in 1958 he joined the German air force, where until 1980 he served as a supersonic fighter pilot, as a squadron commander, operational officer and deputy wing commander in fighter units, as well as a staff officer at Luftwaffe headquarters. In 1974, he began his activity as a practitioner and theoretician of aerial archaeology, which lasted almost 50 years, initially in southern Germany, and after the collapse of the Communist system in Central Europe, also in the eastern federal states of Germany, in Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Estonia and Latvia. His interests in archaeology developed through personal contacts with the archaeologist and engineer Irwin Scollar, who from 1960 as an employee of the Rhineland National Museum in Bonn was a pioneer of post-war aerial archaeology in Germany, and then with the archaeologist Rainer Christlein, who in 1976, as an employee and later director of the archaeological section of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Protection, initiated regular search for archaeological sites in Bavaria from a plane, carried out by Otto Braasch. In 1980, Otto Braasch left the air force to devote himself entirely and exclusively to aerial archaeology. Until 1989, he served as the aerial archaeologist of the Bavarian Conservation Office, creating from scratch an archive of aerial photographs of archaeological sites in Bavaria, initially stored in Landshut and later in Munich. This archive is currently one of the world’s largest sources of aerial archaeology. Later, the area of his interest became Baden-Württemberg, and after the collapse of the Communist regime in Europe and the reunification of Germany, he began systematic exploration activities in the territory of the East German states – Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Fig. 1). This aerial survey initiated by Otto Braasch was and is being continued by his successors, who are in most cases his students. Otto Braasch disseminated his vast knowledge and shared his experiences in numerous publications (Fig. 2), at many conferences and during lectures he gave at the universities of Munich and Berlin. From the point of view of the history of Polish modern archaeology the most important is the missionary activity of Otto Braasch in the countries of the former Soviet bloc. Otto Braasch was one of the initiators of helping archaeologists from Central and Eastern Europe to initiate the aerial prospection of archaeological heritage resources, which became possible on a larger scale after the collapse of the Communist system. He helped archaeologists, including in Poland, as an instructor during practical aerial archaeology training courses, and he also came to Poland several times in the company of Polish archaeologists to make reconnaissance flights in various parts of the country, discovering many previously unknown archaeological sites, including the first Neolithic cult circle in Bodzów in the Lubuskie Province (Fig. 3–8).
PL
Artykuł przedstawia rolę Ottona Braascha, niemieckiego pilota i archeologa lotniczego w rozwoju archeologii lotniczej w Polsce w ostatniej dekadzie XX wieku. Otto Braasch w wieku 20 lat, uzyskał licencję pilota szybowcowego, a w roku 1958 wstąpił do niemieckich powietrznych sił zbrojnych, gdzie do roku 1980 pełnił służbę jako pilot naddźwiękowych samolotów myśliwskich, jako dowódca eskadry, oficer operacyjny i zastępca dowódcy skrzydła w jednostkach myśliwskich, a także oficer sztabowy w kwaterze głównej Luftwaffe. W 1974 roku rozpoczęła się jego trwająca niemal 50 lat działalność jako praktyka i teoretyka archeologii lotniczej, początkowo na terenie południowych Niemiec, a po upadku systemu komunistycznego w środkowej Europie, także na terenie wschodnich krajów związkowych Niemiec, Czech, Słowacji, Węgier, Polski, Estonii czy Łotwy. Jego zainteresowania archeologią rozwinęły się dzięki osobistym kontaktom z archeologiem i inżynierem Irwinem Scollarem, który od 1960 r., jako pracownik Nadreńskiego Muzeum Krajowego w Bonn był pionierem powojennej archeologii lotniczej w Niemczech, a następnie z archeologiem Rainerem Christleinem, który w 1976 r. jako pracownik, a później dyrektor sekcji archeologicznej Bawarskiego Państwowego Urzędu Ochrony Zabytków (Bayerisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege), zainicjował regularne poszukiwania stanowisk archeologicznych na terenie Bawarii z samolotu, realizowane właśnie przez Ottona Braascha. W 1980 roku Otto Braasch opuścił lotnictwo wojskowe by poświęcić się całkowicie i wyłącznie archeologii lotniczej. Do 1989 r. służył jako archeolog lotniczy bawarskiego urzędu konserwatorskiego, tworząc od podstaw archiwum zdjęć lotniczych stanowisk archeologicznych z terenu Bawarii, początkowo przechowywane w Landshut, a później w Monachium. Archiwum to jest obecnie jednym z największych na świecie zasobów źródłowych archeologii lotniczej. Później obszarem jego zainteresowania stała się Badenia-Wirtembergia, a po upadku reżimu komunistycznego w Europie i zjednoczeniu Niemiec rozpoczął systematyczną działalność poszukiwawczą na obszarze wschodnioniemieckich krajów związkowych – Saksonii, Saksonii-Anhalt, Brandenburgii i Meklemburgii-Pomorza Przedniego. Ta zainicjowana przez Ottona Braascha prospekcja aerofotograficzna była i jest kontynuowana przez jego następców, będących w większości przypadków jego uczniami. Otto Braasch rozpowszechniał swoją ogromną wiedzę i dzielił się swoimi doświadczeniami w licznych publikacjach, podczas wielu konferencji i podczas wykładów, które prowadził na uniwersytetach w Monachium i Berlinie. Dla historii współczesnej polskiej archeologii najważniejsza stała się misjonarska działalność Ottona Braascha w krajach byłego bloku sowieckiego. Otto Braasch był mianowicie jednym z inicjatorów pomocy archeologom z krajów środkowej i wschodniej Europy w rozpoczęciu rozpoznawania lotniczego zasobów dziedzictwa archeologicznego, co stało się możliwe na szerszą skalę po upadku systemu komunistycznego. Służył pomocą archeologom w tym także w Polsce, jako instruktor w czasie praktycznych kursów archeologii lotniczej, a także kilkukrotnie przybywał swoim samolotem do Polski, by w towarzystwie polskich archeologów dokonywać lotów zwiadowczych w różnych częściach kraju, odkrywając wiele nieznanych wcześniej stanowisk archeologicznych, w tym pierwszego neolitycznego kręgu kultowego w Bodzowie, woj. lubuskie.
10

Superficial praise – part I

61%
Carver G.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2016
|
vol. 68
345-403
EN
This paper explores themes Dawid Kobiałka raised in his polemic discussion, “Against Gandalf the Grey: towards a Sherlockian Reading of the History of Archaeological Thought,” specifically the role excavation plays in the discipline, thereby shaping narratives of surface and appearance, parallels between archaeology and detective fiction, and ultimately of scholarship. By digging below the surface of these narratives and dissecting their history, revealing the relations between archaeology and such disciplines as history and philology, and some of the metaphors held in common by any number of scientific disciplines, we come to critically examine the metaphysical assumptions of both the discipline itself potential “radical” approaches to it.
11

Profesor Anna Kulczycka-Leciejewiczowa (1934-2011). Szkic do portretu

61%
Lech J.
Archeologia Polski
|
2012
|
vol. 57
|
issue 1-2
7-26
EN
Anna Kulczycka-Leciejewiczowa is among the foremost researchers of the Neolithic in the Vistula and Oder basins in the history of archaeology. She studied the Neolithic in Poland, especially the culture of the Danubian communities. From 1957-1965 she worked at the Archaeological Museum in Cracow, and after that, until 2004, at the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences (previously IHKM PAN), first in Warsaw, and later in Wrocław. She obtained her doctoral degree in 1976 and was awarded a professorship in 1998. Her most important excavations were at Zawarża and Strachów; she also excavated at Malice and Samborzec. Among her publications are: a synthesis on the Danubian communities in the Polish lands in the second volume of Prahistoria ziem polskich (1979) and four monographs Osadnictwo neolityczne w Polsce południowo-zachodniej. Próba zarysu organizacji przestrzennej (1993); Strachów: osiedla neolitycznych rolników na Śląsku (1997); Zawarża: osiedle neolityczne w południowopolskiej strefie lessowej (2002) and Samborzec. Studium przemian kultury ceramiki wstęgowej rytej (2008).
12

Badania archeologiczne Zdzisława Lenartowicza w międzyrzeczu Wisły i Pilicy na przełomie XIX i XX wieku

61%
Ryszewska K.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
|
2017
|
vol. 62
|
issue 1
29–47
EN
Zdzisław Lenartowicz, painter by profession and archaeologist by avocation, conducted archaeological studies at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century. He was a discoverer and the first researcher of many archaeological sites located within today’s Świętokrzyskie province (former Kieleckie and Radomskie provinces). Archaeology owes to him mainly the discoveries of extraordinary, multi-cultured sites in Złota near Sandomierz and unearthing the settlement of miners working in the mine of striped flint in Krzemionki, located on the Gawroniec hill near Ćmielów. Lenartowicz was a self-educated archaeologist, which was actually a rule among Polish researchers of his generation. At the beginning, he made many mistakes during excavations and also dispersed the remains extracted from the sites. After some time, though, Lenartowicz made considerable progress and thanks to contacts with more experienced archaeologists he gradually improved his skills. Additionally, he started to publish independent reports of the results of his methodically conducted excavations on subsequently discovered sites, including i.a. in Ludwików near Łopuszno and in Glinka near Ćmielów. At the beginning of the 20th century the 60-year old researcher was ousted from field work but still he deserves our memory and recognition as a man who contributed to an important part of Polish archaeology of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
13

KRZEMIONKI OPATOWSKIE – POMNIK PREHISTORYCZNEGO GÓRNICTWA I NIEZREALIZOWANYCH PRAGNIEŃ – W ODPOWIEDZI PROF. JACKOWI LECHOWI

61%
Zalewski M.
Archeologia Polski
|
2017
|
vol. 62
159-172
EN
The Author was a member of the Prehistoric Flint Mining Research Team of the State Archaeological Museum (SAM) in Warsaw. In the years 1985–2000 the Research Team shaped the strategy of research and development of Krzemionki. As a SAM Team member (1985–1993) the Author was responsible for the works in the hinterland settlements of flint mines, the development of the open-air museum and popularisation of Krzemionki. In this paper he gives response to allegations and points to the obscurities and mistakes contained in the polemic article of prof. Jacek Lech pt. Do historii badań i udostępnienia neolitycznej kopalni krzemienia pasiastego w Krzemionkach (Some remarks concerning the history of research and public accessibility of the Neolithic mine of stripped flint at Krzemionki) published in 2016.
14

Działalność Państwowego Grona Konserwatorów Zabytków Prehistorycznych (1920–1928) na terenie województwa Działalność Państwowego Grona Konserwatorów Zabytków Prehistorycznych (1920–1928) na terenie województwa kieleckiego

51%
Ryszewska K.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
|
2020
|
vol. 65
|
issue 1
47–68
EN
The times of the Second Polish Republic were a particularly important period in the development of Polish archeology, because after Poland regained independence, the first state institution was established to organize the protection of archaeological monuments throughout the country. It was the State Group of Prehistoric Monuments Conservators functioning in the years 1920–1928. Their activities in the Kielce voivodeship brought particularly interesting results. Conservators and delegates of the State Group of Prehistoric Monuments Conservators did a lot in the field of inventory and protection of archaeological monuments in the Kielce region, undertaking surface and excavation rescue research, as well as popularizing archeology among the inhabitants of the region. The result of their activities was the registration, discovery, and exploration of many archaeological sites, including such valuable ones as a complex of multicultural sites in Złota near Sandomierz and in Książnice Wielkie, and a unique complex of striped flint mines in Krzemionki near Ostrowiec. The sites discovered at that time in the Kielce voivodeship are still the subject of interest and research to Polish archaeologists.
15

Zaraz po wojnie: Z historii badań nad pograniczem polsko-ruskim w latach 1945-1956 (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Grodów Czerwieńskich)

51%
Wołoszyn M.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
|
2017
|
vol. 65
199-224
EN
The subject of this article is the history of studies on the Polish-early Rus’ borderland, mainly so-called Cherven’ Towns, i.e. the strongholds of Czermno and Gródek in eastern Poland. I focus on the post-war period (until 1956), but in order to present the events of that time in the proper context it is necessary to briefly go back in time to the Second Republic of Poland and the years 1939-1945. The origins of interest in a systematic analysis of the Cherven’ Towns region can be tracked back to Lwów/L’viv in the 1930s. World War II thwarted the plans and goals made at that time. After 1945, studies on the gords in Czermno and Gródek were restarted and from 1952 excavations on this territory were carried out – officially – as part of Polish-Soviet cooperation. The excavations were abandoned in rather unclear circumstances. The article shows how the dramatic changes in Europe in the mid-20th century influenced the attitudes of scholars, including archaeologists, at that time.
16

NEOLITYCZNA KOPALNIA KRZEMIENIA W SPIENNES (BELGIA ). ZESPÓŁ PÓL GÓRNICZYCH Z LISTY ŚWIATOWEGO DZIEDZICTWA UNESCO

51%
Werra D. H.
Archeologia Polski
|
2018
|
vol. 63
47-98
EN
The prehistoric flint mine in Spiennes made the pages of archaeological history 150 years ago. The discovery of mining shafts and underground galleries dating to the Neolithic period was a world sensation in 1867 and it initiated archaeological research into ancient mining in Belgium, Great Britain and other countries. Once the Neolithic remains of striped flint exploitation were discovered in 1922 in Krzemionki Opatowskie, the Spiennes shafts and flint workshops became an important point of reference for the mine in Polish territory. The prehistoric mine in Belgium was listed on the World Heritage List in 2000, confirming its exceptional importance. Now the Krzemionki Prehistoric Striped Flint Mining Region is in the running for the same recognition. In this context the article presents the history of archaeological research in Spiennes through the beginning of the 21st century.
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