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„V Oděse se dobře žije“ : Cestopisné a protoetnografické obrazy města a jeho obyvatel v 19. století

100%
Lozoviuk P.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2017
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vol. 104
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issue 3
291-316
EN
The study is concerned with travelogue and proto-ethnographic works from the first half of 19th century that focus on the metropolis of the Novorossiya south, the then recently founded Odessa. The authors of these texts, Western European and Central European visitors to the city, perceived Odessa as a specific, architecturally and economically developing urban complex characterized by fast growth and increasing wealth. In addition to the general characteristics of the city, the researched texts also uncovered protoethnographically oriented information dealing not only with the various local ethno-confession groups but also with the everyday culture of urban residents. The authors of the works recognized Odessa as a city where a new social entity was being formed, a city whose inhabitants could be perceived as an autonomous and fullyfledged subject of meta-layered interest. In conclusion, the study formulates a thesis that this proto-ethnographic literature could correspond with the beginnings of the formation of “the Odessa myth” that was inspired by the initial rapid development of the city and a number of special turns of events that accompanied this development.
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Politické tendence v udělování čestných doktorátů na Univerzitě Karlově v Praze se zřetelem k národopisnému oboru

100%
Petráňová L.
Národopisný věstník
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2021
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vol. 38_(80)
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issue 1
84-97
EN
Charles University has awarded honorary doctorates (doctor honoris causa, Dr.h.c.) since 1848. The award is conditioned by a proposal submitted by any faculty and approved by the university authorities, by a previous consent of the proposed person, and by the fact that the proposed has not been awarded doctorate based on his/her doctoral study at the proposing faculty. Awarding this degree at a public graduation ceremony, associated with promise and diploma, was and still is a political matter, whereby the policy includes several levels: state policy; national/ nationalistic policy; academic, university, and disciplinary (particular scholarly disciplines) policy; and the policy of particular interest groups and leading representatives of public life. The one-and-half-century long development makes it possible to observe political tendencies that predominated in certain periods. These tendencies mostly related to the degree of academic freedoms, meaning to the efforts of the state to restrict the academic freedoms to a greater or lower extent. Charles University has awarded 500 honorary doctorates in all scientific disciplines to date. With the selected sample (see the enclosure) which tries to respect the evolving discipline of ethnography / ethnology as a field of science, the author tries to point out significant political tendencies that predominated there.
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Badatelské přesahy německojazyčného národopisu českých zemí třicátých a čtyřicátých let 20. století

88%
Drápala D.
Národopisný věstník
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2020
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vol. 37_(79)
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issue 1
5-29
EN
The study deals with the German-language (Sudeten German) ethnography in the Czech lands, exemplifying it with an analysis and contextualization of a selected hand-written source concerning annual customs in Moravian Wallachia (Walter Repper: Das Kirchenjahr und seine Feste bei den mährischen Walachen). In his text, the author points out the parallelism in the development of Czech-language and German-language ethnographic research in the 19th and early 20th centuries. This research showed only rare overlaps and contacts between ethnically defined societies. However, the 1930s saw an increasing interest of German researchers in the culture of Slavic inhabitants of the Czech lands. This trend was based on the concept of “tribal¨ethnography” (stammheitliche Volkskunde) and it was consummated by the establishment of an independent department at German University in Prague, which focused on tribal history and ethnography of Moravia (Lehrstuhl für Volkskunde und Stammesgeschichte Mährens). It is in the context of this Sudeten German ethnography´s orientation that Walter Repper´s manuscript about customs and habits in Moravian Wallachia is analysed. The manuscript is dated to 1939. The author of it studied at German University in Prague at the turn of the1940s, and he wrote the work most probably as part of a students practical training. The content of the manuscript is compared with earlier published works about customary culture of Wallachia, and subsequently particular sources of inspiration are identified. The author of the study tries to highlight to which degree the focus of Repper´s work corresponds to the application of the “tribal ethnography” concept.
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Geneze raných etnologických teorií a metod

88%
Dědovský D.
Národopisný věstník
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2021
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vol. 38_(80)
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issue 2
5-30
EN
In the post-Baroque era, science in the developed states of Europe gradually turned from theological scepticism to practical goals. The growing interest in the search for new sources of wealth resulted in the policy of mercantilism that developed in European powers from the Baroque period to the 1830s; this policy directly affected the nature of scholarly research, and in non-colonial states, it focussed, in the form of cameralist system, on the development of state administration and the improvement in and exploitation of economically marginal or directly poor regions. In connection with the Enlightenment ideal of a harmonious society, states aimed at a functional normalisation of relations among individual social strata; the scholarly interest, in the primary pursuit of economic and developmental objectives, focusses for the first time on folk culture, providing valuable reports on it and, last but not least, contributing to the popularization of its selected segments, with which Romantic philosophy as well as anthropology subsequently worked; in the period under study, anthropology was rather a natural science dealing with human evolution, including related cultural expressions. The aforementioned factors brought about the first ethnographic monographs applying the theories and methods that formed the basic building blocks of the future independent discipline; the treatise observes their development up to a noticeable ideological breakthrough in the pre-March period.
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Going Their Own Way? The Swiss Ethnology in the 19th and the First Half of the 20th Century

88%
Woitsch J.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2019
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vol. 29
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issue 1
15 - 29
EN
The article submits a chronologically explained development of the Swiss ethnology with an emphasis on the development in the 19th century through the 1960s, whereby the interest in cultural diversity as well as that defined in other ways in older periods is partially included as a theme. Great attention is paid to key personalities in the history of the Swiss ethnology, in particular to Eduard Hoffmann­Krayer and Richard Weiss, and to how they influenced the theoretical and methodological as well as thematic shifts in the orientation of the discipline. Further significant persons and important works of the Swiss ethnology are mentioned as well, and the institutional basis of the discipline is described. The author presents the Swiss ethnology as quite a peculiar and progressive research discourse. This was formed under a strong influence of the German Volkskunde, but evolving in a country featuring a specifically multi­ethnic composition of the population, a significantly different historical development, as compared to Germany, and special, even extreme natural and geographical conditions that contributed to the survival of many archaic elements of the so­called folk culture until the 20th century.
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Národopis a ideológia. Činnosť Ústavu pre vlastivedný výskum v Kežmarku počas druhej svetovej vojny

88%
Kiliánová G.
Národopisný věstník
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2021
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vol. 38_(80)
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issue 1
20-35
EN
The paper focusses on the activity of the Institute of Homeland Research (Institut für Heimatforschung) in Kežmarok which was supposed to research the history and culture of the German minority in Slovakia. From its foundation in 1941 until its dissolution in 1944, the Institute was administered by the German Party (Deutsche Partei) in Slovakia, and it fulfilled both scholarly and political tasks. The author focussed on the work by the German ethnographer Hertha Wolf-Beranek, a member of the National Socialist Workers’ Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) and research fellow at the Kežmarok Institute in 1942–1943. The author tried to explain how the scholarly and the ideological objectives in science mixed in the peak period of non-democratic regimes during World War II in Central Europe. The empiric data, used in the paper, come from documents stored at the German Archives of the Institute of Ethnology and Social Anthropology of the SAS and at other domestic and foreign archives. The author analysed the case from the perspective of the relationship between science, ideology, and political power.
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„Etnologie je filozofií budoucnosti“  : R. F. Kaindl a pozapomenuté počátky evropské etnologie

75%
Lozoviuk P.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2016
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vol. 103
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issue 3
437-450
EN
The study is devoted to the contribution of the Austrian ethnographer and historian R. F. Kaindl to the study of East Slavic populations and, more generally, its methodological and theoretical understanding of ethnological research. The interpretive framework for assessing Kaindl’s works of the late 19th and early 20th centuries is represented by European Ethnology (Ethnologia Europaea), which is understood herein as a distinctive scholarly tradition of studying humans and human societies. Kaindl’s contribution to the development of the European comparative ethnology included his empirically oriented ethnographic studies, through which he uncovered the fascinating world of Eastern exoticism for Central European readers, and his anticipation of the future development of European Ethnology as such. This contribution can be considered a generalization of his fi eld experience. The main part of the paper is devoted to this characteristic of Kaindl’s scientifi c activities.
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From Folklivsforskning to European Ethnology and Anthropology, and Back: Swedish Ethnology in the 19th through 21st Centuries

75%
Woitsch J.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2017
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vol. 27
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issue 3
224 - 235
EN
The chronologically approached essay outlines the development of Swedish ethnology from its amateur beginnings through establishing the museum and university scientific discipline in the 19th and the first half of the 20th century. Great attention is paid to the essential modernization of the discipline by Sigurd Erixon, which had all-European impact through the theoreticalmethodological formation of the comparative all-European ethnology´s concept, as well as to the subsequent processes of sociologization and anthropologization of the discipline in the 1970s and 1980s, and the shift in the Swedish ethnologists´ focus from the study of the past to current social problems. The contemporary situation in Swedish ethnology, the example of which the so-called Lund School is, is described as a convergence of cultural-historical and anthropological approaches and the discipline is considered to be one of the most progressive in the all-European context. The essay mentions several profiling personalities of Swedish ethnology from the 19th century to date as well as key works, and it describes the past and the contemporary institutional basis of the discipline.
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Progresivní formy lidových tradic jako součást socialistického způsobu života: jazyk a československá etnografie v období tzv. normalizace

75%
Polouček O.
Národopisný věstník
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2021
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vol. 38_(80)
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issue 1
54-72
EN
Late Socialism is usually associated with the alienation of society, and even ruling elites, from ideology. For this reason, the separation of official language from the real world led to the system which, to a certain extent, made it possible to give the ideological cliché a new content with the purpose to create a limited space for the implementation of own interests. However, the use of the ideological language must be reflected critically in the context of the environment that is researched. The study will focus on the Czechoslovak ethnography and the legitimization of ethnographic research – e.g. research into traditions. The author will use examples from the environment with the strictest ideological supervision – the (Czecho)Slovak Academy of Sciences and its leading representatives Antonín Robek and Božena Filová, whereby the possible influence of the used ideological language on the current image of these persons will be thought over.
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Novinová pověst a biografické vyprávění jako symptom krize prozaické folkloristiky? Poznámka k dějinám folkloristických konceptů

63%
Janeček P.
Studia Ethnologica Pragensia
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2022
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issue 2
32-44
EN
The text investigates critical history of two important genological concepts which appeared in Central European (mostly Czech, German and Polish) folkloristics in the 20th century: Zeitungssage (newspaper legend) and personal experience narrative (memorate). Both of these concepts appeared as somewhat desperate attempt of the textocentric discipline to deal with growing number of documented oral narratives which could not fit into „standard“ genres of verbal folklore such as folktale or legend. The author argues that both of these attempts partly led to a dead end — and, because of that, during the early 2000s, had been largely abandoned by many researchers. Studies of these texts then achieved paradigm shift influenced by international folkloristics — some of the studied material started to be classified as contemporary legend and rumour, while the other part followed disciplinary path of oral history. Nevertheless, both of these concepts present fascinating chapter in history of prosaic folkloristics in particular and memory studies in general.
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Evropská etnologie a koncept nehmotného kulturního dědictví

63%
Janeček P.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2015
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vol. 25
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issue 3
273 - 282
EN
The article deals with critical analysis of contemporary acceptance of the intangible cultural heritage concept in field of European ethnology. European ethnology has strong historic experience with making the key analytical terms of its study (“folk”, “traditional folk culture”, “folklore”, “tradition”) problematical. In its long history, these terms were more times redefined, deconstructed or even fully abandoned. In the last years, external as well as internal criticism of this traditional ethnological terminology led to a quick acceptance of an applied and originally political term “intangible cultural heritage” that was primarily created for the UNESCO international agenda. Unlike the above mentioned traditional ethnological terms, this concept features a lot of undoubted advantages (modern understanding of culture as a process and practice, not only as a product; social construction of its meaning; taking into consideration the community’s and society’s decision about its passing down from generation to generation; international consensus about its meaning). On the other hand, however, it brings about a lot of problematical facts (derivation from an unclearly defined applied concept of “heritage”; nature of a mere enumeration of designates; weak theoretical reflexion of the concept in the contrast with its strong political and ideological background). On a ground of the concise overview Begriffgeschichte, i.e. a brief history of the European ethnology’s terminology, the essay tries to find a corresponding position for this concept and to contemplate its role for this unusual discipline that is located at the boundary line between historiography, social sciences and humanities.
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Etnologie studené války v České republice: témata, přístupy, metody

63%
Woitsch J.
Národopisný věstník
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2016
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vol. 33_(75)
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issue 2
5-30
EN
Even though the Cold War did not spill over into a real armed confrontation, some features of its development as well as consequences, felt up to now, can be compared with “real” war conflicts. Ethnologists in a number of European countries pay attention to the Cold War, for example through the research on collectiveand individual memory bound to the course of the War; they study the life of local communities strongly affected by the War; they explore the narrativity relating to the Cold War; also approaches in terms of anthropologyof landscape are very strong. The Cold War was not understood as a relevant ethnological theme in the CzechRepublic after 1989, and for this reason, the research on it has been “governed” either by different enthusiastic, semi-amateur or directly activistic fellowships, or the research itself has developedunder the wings of other disciplines (especially archaeology and history). The theoretical-methodological contribution introduces possible bases for the ethnological research into the Cold War in the Czech Republic, draws attention to the running researches and mainly sketches the basic thematic circles the future research could deal with.
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W głąb Brazylii, w głąb etnologii

63%
Rygielska M.
Laboratorium Kultury
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2012
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vol. 1
36-55
PL
Treścią tego artykułu są problemy nurtujące po dziś dzień badaczy kultury, bez względu na ich uwikłanie w poszczególne szkoły czy nurty badawcze. Lévi-Strauss snuje nieustannie refleksję nad istotą etnologii, nad celowością i etyką etnologicznych badań, a także nad metodami ich przeprowadzania. Pewne wątki obecne w Smutku tropików, układające się w spójną całość i wciąż, w różnych odsłonach, powracające na kartach książki, odczytywać można „jako metodologiczne – i etyczne – rozważania nad naturą studiów najpierw podróżniczych, a potem już ujętych w ramy nowoczesnej nauki, etnologii”. Podróż w głąb etnologii, dla której pożywką stała się realna podróż badawcza do Brazylii, odbywa się wielotorowo. Jej szlak wytyczają nie tylko lektury, ale także elementy kultury materialnej, zachowania i instytucje, które Lévi-Strauss porównuje częstokroć ze znanymi mu, wcześniejszymi opisami indiańskich plemion.
EN
This article deals with the matter of problems pervading culture researchers up to date despite their belonging to different schools or researching trends. Lévi-Strauss continuously cherishes his reflections connected with the essence of ethnology, purposefulness and ethics of ethnological research and with the methods that are used in conducting them. Some of the notions present in “Tristes Tropiques”, creating a unified wholeness and still coming back in the book, can be perceived as “methodological – and ethical – deliberations over the nature of studies at first linked to travels, and later put into a framework of modern science – ethnology.” A travel inwards ethnology, which was triggered by a real research travel to Brazil, is multipronged. Its route is marked not only by readings, but also by some elements of material culture, various behaviors and institutions that are often compared by Lévi-Strauss to prior descriptions of Indian tribes.
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