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Flaubert au-delà de l’histoire littéraire. Genèse d’Un coeur simple et contre-modèle de servante à vie

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Fauve-Chamoux A.

Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze

2017

vol. 11

The character of Félicité, presented by Gustave Flaubert in A Simple Soul [Un coeur simple], a tale published in 1877, is considered here in historical perspective in order to better understand her work in domestic service, permanent celibacy and overall sad story. The first section traces the genesis of this work, as shown in the writer’s correspondence and his family background. The second part is devoted to his method, as he proclaimed it. The last section argues that F´elicit´e was a very ordinary victim who had fallen, as many other female servants, into the trap of lifelong service which had crushed her destiny. In the European past, a woman who stayed for life in the same family as maid-of-all-work and remained unmarried was far from being a rare case or counter-model. Actually, servants were considered unproductive by economists and therefore found themselves excluded by Marxism from the class struggle. The original piece of literature under study was more a short story than a fairy tale, and since it intended and succeeded to be true, it did not meet the readers’ expected enthusiasm.

Biopolitics and (Non-)Modernity. Population Micro-Policy, Expert Knowledge and Family in Late-Communist Poland

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Klich-Kluczewska B.

Acta Poloniae Historica

2017

vol. 115

This article seeks to investigate the problem of modernity in post-war communist Poland (People’s Republic of Poland, Pol.: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) through the prism of concepts and ideas of model family and possibilities of shaping it, as promoted in the expert discourse and guidance practices. On the interpretation level, it is important to refer to modern – that is, rational and expert knowledgepropelled – social control methods, strictly connected with the concepts or ideas of modern society. The crucial aspect is the tension between biopolitics understood in terms of actions and strategies of modern dictatorship devised to control a population and the concepts of modernity that appeared in expert discourses in the context of, i.a., decreasing natality, modern birth control methods or practices related to maternity/paternity. Analysed are experts’ opinions proving dominant in the discourse, including the arguments put forth at sessions of the Family Council and the Planned Parenthood Association.

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1 Acta Poloniae Historica

1 Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze

1 Fauve-Chamoux A.

1 Klich-Kluczewska B.

2 2017

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Flaubert au-delà de l’histoire littéraire. Genèse d’Un coeur simple et contre-modèle de servante à vie

Biopolitics and (Non-)Modernity. Population Micro-Policy, Expert Knowledge and Family in Late-Communist Poland