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Dějiny lesa a lesnictví - variabilita přístupů a současné hlavní badatelské směry

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Woitsch J.

Hospodářské dějiny (Economic History)

2010

vol. 25

issue 2

199-226

Historical study of nature, environment and relationship between man and forested environment, both on the level of the variety of practical experiences, economic, social and cultural uses and values of the natural world; and on the level of the strong symbolic, linguistic and metaphoric bond between man and nature has a long tradition and moreover has become one of the most influential historical discipline during last decades. However, in the Czech Republic forest history (despite its fruitful older legacy) is totally undeveloped and since 1960’s almost no important work has been written. Because of extreme complexity of environment-oriented historical approaches only one of them – forest history is described and analysed in the article including its methods and theories. The still increasing number of scholars and disciplines involved worldwide in forest history represents variety of methodological approaches and produces many of remarkable works. It is possible to recognize five mainstream orientations among them, which are depicted in the study. These are: (1) Traditionally oriented forest and forestry history focused on forest management, study of legal systems tied to forests and history of hunting. (2) Research on economic and social history of forests and woodlands and study of subsistence activities and industrial branches (e.g. glass-making and metallurgy) connected with forests. (3) Historical-anthropological research on forests and trees in the human mentalities and connected research of so-called cultural values of forest ecosystems. (4) Complex archaeological and ethnological research of material culture connected with forests and its inhabitants. (5) Study of ecological and environmental aspects of relationship between humans and forests.

Ksyloteki, czyli patroszenie lasu

71%

Arendt A.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Poetica

2020

vol. 8

215-229

Taking as a starting point the German tradition of creating xylotheques, i.e. libraries containing wood samples disguised as books, I recall the biography of Wiktor Kozłowski (1791–1858), the first Polish creator of xylotheques, forester, collector and author of dictionaries of forest terminology against the backdrop of the history of the organisation of the governmental forest service in the Kingdom of Poland. I put forward the thesis that the reorganisation of forestry in the spirit of the Enlightenment’s project of dominating nature caused anxiety, which found expression, among other places, in Karol Kurpiński’s opera Leśniczy z Kozienickiej Puszczy [The Forester from the Kozieniecka Primeval Forest]. In the first half of the 19th century, the figure of the “young” and “old” forester was juxtaposed, already heralding the rift between the Enlightenment and romantic approaches to the natural world. Wiktor Kozłowski’s xylotheques represent the Enlightenment approach – related to the passion for cataloguing, preparing and objectifying as tools of control over the natural world.

Obierając za punkt wyjścia niemiecką tradycję tworzenia ksylotek, czyli bibliotek zawierających próbki drewna ucharakteryzowane na książki, przypominam biografię Wiktora Kozłowskiego (1791–1858), pierwszego polskiego twórcy ksylotek, leśnika, kolekcjonera i autora słowników terminologii leśnej na tle historii organizacji rządowej służby leśnej w Królestwie Polskim. Opisuję, jak reorganizacja leśnictwa w duchu oświeceniowego projektu dominacji nad przyrodą wywołała niepokój, który znalazł wyraz między innymi w operze Karola Kurpińskiego Leśniczy z Kozienickiej Puszczy. W pierwszej połowie XIX wieku zestawiano postaci „młodego” i „starego” leśniczego, zapowiadające rozdźwięk między oświeceniowym i romantycznym podejściem do świata przyrody. Ksyloteki Wiktora Kozłowskiego reprezentują podejście oświeceniowe – związane z pasją katalogowania, preparowania i obiektywizowania jako narzędzi kontroli.

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1 Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Poetica

1 Hospodářské dějiny (Economic History)

1 Arendt A.

1 Woitsch J.

1 2020

1 2010

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Dějiny lesa a lesnictví - variabilita přístupů a současné hlavní badatelské směry

Ksyloteki, czyli patroszenie lasu