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HISTORIA HISTORIOGRAFII NA UNIWERSYTECIE WARSZAWSKIM

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Historia@Teoria
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2017
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vol. 2
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issue 4
123-133
EN
Th e history of historiography as an independent discipline was created in 1948-1958. In the academic year 1957/1958, the Historical Institute established the Department of History of Historiography and Methodology of History Teaching. Th e initiator of its creation and subsequently its fi rst director was Wanda Moszczeńska (1896-1974), a student of Marcel Handelsman (1882-1945). Th e most successful period of the department was 1976-1997, when the Department was led by Jerzy Maternik, a student of Wanda Moszczeńska.
Historia@Teoria
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2017
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vol. 1
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issue 3
211-213
EN
The Institute of History at the University of Rzeszów off ers courses in the history of historiography as part of the fi rst and the second cycle of studies. In there, the history of Polish historiography is discussed, contrasted with the background of Western European historiograhy from the earliest to contemporary times. Th e focus is on the main models for historical research, and the views of their most outstanding representatives are presented.
EN
The overview of the research reflects the contributions of Polish historiography in the last twenty years devoted to the history of Polish historiography in the period 1945–1989. Attention is paid to institutional history, the interference of state security in academic institutions, the forms of the censorship of historical works, the biographistics of Polish historians and the comparative works that try to reveal the place of Polish historiography in the European historiography of the second half of the 20th century.
EN
The basis of these considerations are editions of sources of the international law as well as reviews of the history of European diplomacy in the 18th and the first half of the 19th century - particularly the work of the famous Martens family (especially Georg Friedrich von Martens), of Johann Ludwig Kluber, Dietrich Heinrich Ludwig von Ompted, Karl Albert von Kamptz etc. The evaluation of Polish achievements in the 18th century presented in these publications is very positive, although the compilation of main editions from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is far from complete. Editorial projects of Konarski, Dogiel, Skrzetuski, Obermajer, Jezierski or Siarczyński are a manifestation of a certain specific "documentary" tendency in the Polish literature of this period. In order to explain this certain characteristics of the 18th century culture, visible mostly during the reign of Augustus III and King Stanislaw Augustus, including the controversy surrounding the first partition (with a slight revival during the Great Sejm), one has to appeal to a variety of phenomena associated with the elite of the educated and active in public life personages, represented by a group of patrons, editorial and publishing groups or a list of subscribers of the greatest editorial projects of the period, with Volumina Legum at the forefront. First of all, one has to consider the political context of the phenomenon. Awareness of the crisis of the gentry state exhorted to seek solutions, primarily as part of the "eternal" order: to support institutions on proven and sustainable basis, to restore the good old customs, laws, virtues and long forgotten civic attitudes. There appeared a need for recapitulation - a need for a full, systematic and reliable description of the present, and especially of gathering and organizing the knowledge about the state of the country and of its institutions. A special assignment in systematization, rationalization and restoration of the reality was allocated to history and to the public law - in the Republic of Poland, as in the Reich having the character of "historical right", based on a continuous, uninterrupted tradition. No wonder that one of the basic features of historical and legal retrospection of the time of Augustus III is the timeliness of topics and the focus on their formal and legal sides, which further obliterated boundaries between history and politics. In the explanations for this "documentary" tendency, one must also take into account the intellectual climate of the period, and especially pay attention to the scholarly pattern of humanities with its main slogan "sources and facts should speak for themselves." The impact of the idea of "the republic of science" on the intellectual life of the elite of the Polish-Lithuanian state reached its apogee in the era of union with Saxony and during the reign of Stanislaw Leszczyński in Lorraine. In the world of scholars, editing sources constitute a specific form of historical writing, which in the Republic was also connected with some journalistic functions, as is exemplified by its surprising popularity in the mid-18th century Dzieje w Koronie Polskiej by Łukasz Górnicki, related to the timeliness of the Republic’s rights towards the Duchy of Livonia. Another, no less important than the current political issues, explanatory part, are the educational issues, especially the currently developing education form the elite, as is clearly evident in the curriculum in the standard facilities of the Piarist and Jesuit Orders. Moreover, international affairs increasingly occupied the public opinion stimulated by new means of social communication, especially by newspapers. In Europe of the 18th century, the subject of dispute at the highest levels of power, between main political camps, were usually different concepts of external actions, whereas in the Polish-Lithuanian state, after the foundation of great factions, each of which claimed to be entitled to pursue its own foreign policy. After the partition of the Republic, the journalistic and political contexts of Polish editing of historical sources did not disappeared entirely, as evidence in the form of publications by Leonard Chodźka shows. One may risk saying that this ever-present up to this day current in Polish political and historical thought referring in the international affairs primarily to legal and ethical arguments, has its beginnings in the literature of the 18th century.
DE
Die Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Problematik der Betrachtung von Ľudovít Štúr im Rahmen der ungarischen (d. h. magyarischen) Geschichtsschreibung in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Über drei wesentliche historische Werke vom Historiker und Publizist Lajos Steier, in denen sich er der Geschichte der slowakischen Frage mit Bezug auf die Revolutionsjahre 1848/49 widmete, beobachtet und erfasst man die Stabilität oder vice versa Variabilität Štúr´s Repräsentationen – eines wichtigen Ideologen der slowakischen nationalen Identität. Durch Analyse seiner Publikationen – Slowakische Frage (1912), Tschechen und Slowaken (1919), Slowakische ethnische Frage in 1848 – 1849 (1937) – achtet man nicht nur auf die Interpretation von Ľ. Štúr, seiner Person, Charaktereigenschaften oder Politik, sondern auch auf den zeitgemäßen Kontext (politischen, geopolitischen, ideologischen), der die Steier´s Auslegung der slowakischen nationalen Emanzipationsbewegung und ihrer Führer aus den 30er und 40er Jahren des 19. Jahrhunderts beeinflusste.
Historia@Teoria
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2017
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vol. 1
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issue 3
85-106
EN
W. Moszczeńska (1896–1974) signifi cantly contributed to the early Polish history of historiography as a distinctive historical subdiscipline. Working together with M.H. Serejski, she created a strong theoretical base for its further development. She argued for considering the history of historical learning in connection with other trends of historical thought. Initially, she att ached most importance to ideological problems, later (aft er 1956) she brought to the fore the issues of methodological and methodical workshop. She treated the history of historiography as an area and a tool of methodological refl ection. Her considerations regarding the use of various types of sources in historiographical research are still in many cases valid and highly inspirational.
Historia@Teoria
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2017
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vol. 1
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issue 3
201-209
EN
The article consists of three parts. It begins with a short characteristics of the lodz historiographic centre; the Author discusses the three generations of researchers who carried out research in the fi eld at the University of Lodz (UŁ). Th e second part is devoted to characterizing the interests and research achievements of the current members of the Department of the History of Historiography and the Auxiliary Sciences of History. Th e doctors promoted in the recent years were also included. Th e fi nal part of the article presents the courses in the history of historiography currently being held at the Institute of History, UŁ.
PL
The article consists of three parts. It begins with a short characteristics of the lodz historiographic centre; the Author discusses the three generations of researchers who carried out research in the fi eld at the University of Lodz (UŁ). Th e second part is devoted to characterizing the interests and research achievements of the current members of the Department of the History of Historiography and the Auxiliary Sciences of History. Th e doctors promoted in the recent years were also included. Th e fi nal part of the article presents the courses in the history of historiography currently being held at the Institute of History, UŁ.
EN
The article is the author’s refl ection on her experience related to teaching a course on historiography for undergraduate history students entitled Interpretations of the past. Alterations of images related to historical events, personalities and processes in historical narratives. She presents the general concept of the course, topics and contents of particular classes, as well as (with relation to some exemplary topics) concrete teaching methods used and specific educational effects to be achieved.She also discusses the historiographical sources and scholarly literature she adopted as the textual background of her course.
Historia@Teoria
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2017
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vol. 1
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issue 3
63-73
EN
Historians of historiography who seek new possibilities to research the historiographic phenomena believe that the traditional historiography has also become obsolete in its academic form. Th ey think of methods that would allow building a coexistence of the traditional model of historiographic research, which has been simplifi ed to erudite research and presentation of historians – masters with a concept that respects the dynamics of historic thinking, included within the contexts of a political, ideological, and social epoch. Th e latt er task requires from historians of historiography signifi cantly developed professional competences within the scope of sociology, philosophy, and psychology.
EN
The article presents political, journalistic and legal-international context of preliminary research and source-studies publications in the times of the reign of Stanislaus Augustus. A constant need to legitimize the power of the King was in the centre of the scheme of historical projects launched by his circles. This tendency was depicted for example in two versions of the painting by Bernardo Bellotto (Canaletto) presenting the election of 1764. Their underlying intention was to accentuate the election’s conformity with political heritage, the rule of law and also with the tradition of the Polish nobility. The point of departure for ‘controlling the past’ was gaining power over its testimony. Therefore a lot of activities of people around the King were undertaken in relation to the public archives: collecting, organising, conservation, research and taking over of the archive material. The emperor ordered to continue the work on the Diplomatic Code that had been started by Piarist Maciej Dogiela. The work was specifically focused on current interests of Rzeczpospolita, as well as formal and legal overtones of published materials. In the international polemic about the First Partition such a ‘scholarly’ form – laborious and indirect to the heart of the problem – could not be applied. However, among the persons who at that time most probably presented the King’s and Rzeczpospolita’s position, we can find names of people known as members of the team working on the Code, other source studies and historiographic initiatives: Jacek Ogrodzki, Karol Wyrwicz, Klemens (Ignacy) Pokubiatta, and possibly also Adam Naruszewicz. Printed historical sources, both of narrative and legal character, played an exceptional role in that polemic. Feliks Łoyko – the most prominent polemicist of the Polish side – supported his historical argument only with source materials already published, probably to enable the reader to check for himself the quoted references. A competent polemic with the lawless partition could therefore be possible thanks to the achievements of source studies in the times of the reign of Augustus III and editorial plans of erudite people gathered around the Załuski Library. Moreover, there is no visible creative difference in this field between the Saxon epoch and the times of the reign of Stanislaus II, and that erudite formula of action, formally aimed at the past, was easily combined with current, pragmatic goals. Source-studies projects defending the rights of Rzeczpospolita could not be limited exclusively to the so-called royal castle circles and ‘state’ ventures. Also members of the elite who were in conflict with the ruler imposed by Russia were getting ready to polemicize with the propaganda of the partitioners. Analysis of the manuscript legacy of Józef Aleksander Jabłonowski contradicts a thesis that the Confederacy of Bar emigrants, when hearing the news about partition, limited themselves to proclaiming Lindawa manifesto. An example can be the draft of the manuscript 1144 Expositio fidelis et authentica juris ad Haliciam, Wlodimiriam, Luceoriam, Premisliam et alia…, preserved in the Princes Czartoryski Library in Kraków, having also its French version. There is an open question who was its author – some involvement of Józef Aleksander Jabłonowski is unquestionable. Jabłonowski’s materials reveal also some tracks of other preliminary research and lists related to the polemic with unlawful activities of the invaders.
11
80%
SK
Article of historian Dušan Škvarna is focused on life and work of professor Július Alberty and its 90-year jubilee.
PL
This article discusses the relation of the eminent Polish historian Władysław Konopczyński (1880–1952) to the newly established communist rule. As president of the Commission of History of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, the editor-in-chief of the Polish Biographical Dictionary, and one of the few internationally known Polish historians who survived the war, the old Konopczyński enjoyed much prestige among his colleagues and in the Polish academia in general. For this and the other reasons indicated in the paper, the communist authorities choose him as the symbol of the ‘bourgeois’ scholarship and decided to discredit him and get rid of his person. The paper presents the ways in which the government exercised pressure on the scholar and his colleagues, causing Konopczyński’s resignation from all his posts, and depriving him the opportunities to teach and publish. Finally, the moral and practical results of this campaign on the historian’s collaborators and colleagues are analysed.
EN
The factor that stimulated the thought of ethical justification of warfare in medieval Europe was among others expansion of Islam. At the beginning of the Islamic religion, its believers were deeply convinced by the ideas coming from the pages of Koran dictated by prophet Mohammed, the words which encouraged them to convert infidels. The fact is that during the lifetime of Mohammed, Muslims bent to their own will many Arabic tribes and just after his death they had a greater part of the Arabian Peninsula in their hands. In 711 they crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and started conquering the Iberian Peninsula. In the meantime, in Europe, people who, on account of their public role, were supposed to have a wider perspective of the world issues, were aware of the dangers which Islam caused. The fight for preservation of the Latin civilization caused thus far an unprecedented inner consolidation of armed, political and intellectual forces of those times. In this way the epoch of the crusades began.
EN
The work Notitia Hungariae novae by Matej Bel (Bél Mátyás) is based on rich historical source material depicting the character of life in described historic times. For the purpose of emphasizing concrete era or historic figure, it often publishes historic source in its all extent (in extenso). Letters from correspondence of the great figure of Transalpine humanism Erasmus of Rotterdam also belong to such type of source. Matej Bel (Bél Mátyás) used them in the case of three persons whose life destiny is related to history of Hungary. These persons are Esztergom archbishop Mikuláš Oláh (Oláh Miklós), Wroclaw bishop Ján Turzo (Thurzó János) and Olomouc bishop Stanislav Turzo (Thurzó Szaniszló). At this time, all of them are marked as Erasmists, i.e. the most important Central European representants and propagators of humanist ideas of Erasmus of Rotterdam. Matej Bel (Bél Mátyás) wanted to illustrate the meaning of these historic figures through the content of their letters that they exchanged with Erasmus as the most significant humanist scholar. It follows persisting response and reception of Erasmus of Rotterdam in Hungary even at the beginning of the 18th century. Slovak commented edition of letters from the correspondence of Erasmus of Rotterdam with Turzo (Thurzó) family that Matej Bel (Bél Mátyás) used in his work is presented in a supplement.
15
80%
XX
Article of historian Dušan Kováč is focused on memories for his colleague Dušan Škvarna and its 60-year jubilee.
EN
During the 2nd World War’s Sonderaktion Krakau operation, Konopczyński was arrested by the Germans and sent to Sachsenhausen concentration camp. After returning to Kraków, he committed himself in underground educational activities of the Jagiellonian University and became the head of the history faculty. Throughout the period of German occupation, he lived in his family’s manor house at Młynik near Ojców, where from 1944 he was hiding a Jewish family. He wrote many important scientific worksduring the war, and only part of them was published, the rest remained in typescript in his family collection. In the years 1940–1942, Konopczyński prepared a two-volume work entitled Piłsudski a Polska and simultaneously drafted the Polish history of the years 1918–1939. Then he wrote Konfederacje w rozwoju dziejowym, which was not published at all and until today remains in typescript. The reason it was not published was that his name was on the blacklist of the censorship in the Polish People’s Republic. His next important work was a methodology manual Historyka, which because of the abovementioned censorship at that time was not published as well. Only 70 years after the work had been finished by the author it was published by Maciej Janowski, with his detailed introduction, under the imprint of the Institute of the History of Science. After finishing this work, Konopczyński got down to writing a biography of his long-standing friend, Stefan Surzycki (the typescript of the unpublished work is in the PSB editorial office). Next, he wrote a monograph entitled Pierwszy rozbiór Polski, which was published only after 60 years, compiled by Zofia Zielińska and thanks to the efforts made by the “Arcana” publisher. An academic book entitled Kiedy nami rządziły kobiety was devoted to the times of the reign of Stanislaus II and the Confederacy of Bar. It was published only in 1960 in London. The third trend in his writing was represented by the works: Fryderyk Wielki a Polska (1947) and Kwestia bałtycka do XX wieku (1947). After completing his work on Kwestia bałtycka, Konopoczyński got down to writing Dzieje Inflant, i.e. the history of three nations: Latvians, Estonians and Baltic Germans, addressed to the general public. Currently, this typescript is being prepared for publishing by the Center for Political Thought in Kraków. Konopoczyński was simultaneously writing numerous minor sketches and syntheses for the general public, e.g. Krótki zarys dziejów Polski, Polska w dobie pierwszego rozbioru and biographies of Stanisław Dunin Karwicki, Józef Sawa Caliński, Andrzej Zamoyski and Ferdynand Nax. Only part of those works went to print. Among the works most vital to the science were: Chronologia sejmów polskich 1493–1793 (1948) and Reforma elekcji – czy naprawa Rzeczypospolitej. (Wybór źródeł 1630–2) (1949).
17
70%
Historia@Teoria
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2017
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vol. 2
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issue 4
67-81
EN
Th e purpose of the article is to show comparatistics as a promising perspective of current humanistic research, especially in area of extending possibilities of analysis and interpretation. In times of profesionalization and specialization of knowledge, comparative research are rarely undertaken and for that reason, it makes a cognitively and interpretatively interesting situation. Th e case analysis applies to using comparative method on the ground of history of historiography (A. Kożuchowski) and literary studies (D. Zawadzka).
PL
The purpose of the article is to show comparatistics as a promising perspective of current humanistic research, especially in area of extending possibilities of analysis and interpretation. In times of profesionalization and specialization of knowledge, comparative research are rarely undertaken and for that reason, it makes a cognitively and interpretatively interesting situation. The case analysis applies to using comparative method on the ground of history of historiography (A. Kożuchowski) and literary studies (D. Zawadzka).
EN
The study analyses the concepts of peasant scribes and in particular F. J. Vavák in the works by Zdeněk Kalista, František Kutnar and Bedřich Slavík in the period of the Second Republic and the first years of the Nazi occupation. It notes the broader temporal factors influencing their interpretations, and the sources they drew on in formulating their theses.
Historia@Teoria
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2017
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vol. 1
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issue 3
53-60
EN
The article att empts to defi ne the history of historiography as a subdiscipline of history; it indicates the numerous competences of historians of historiography which are nessesary for undertaking an (auto)refl ection around the history of their discipline, for touching the theoretical and methodological aspects of historiography, and for the study of historicity of historiographical texts. Th e author asks about the current status of the history of historiography and new horizons of research. Regarding the fi eld of changes in the ways of comunication, she sees potential chances for increasing the interest of new recipients in the history of historiography. The author amplifi es the weft of reception, understood as a phenomenon that belongs to the comunication situation occuring between the author of transmission and his recipients. The author refers to the inspiration of the methodological conception of the school of reception aesthetics from Constance (W. Iser, R. Jauss) and the hermeneutics of H-G. Gadamer. Reception is a new concept for presenting the history of historiography as a fi eld of research on the historicity of historical works.
EN
The place of the history of historiography in Topolski’s comprehensive oeuvre has not been subjected to a holistic analysis yet. I will try to highlight some of the key topics rather than propose an exhaustive interpretation of them The article concentrates on the analysis of both the notion of historiography itself, as well as interpretation the main historiographic work of the Poznan historian.
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