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1

Ojcowie, których zabrakło. Doświadczenia i wspomnienia polskich sierot wojennych i polsko-niemieckich „Children Born of War”

100%

Röger M., Seegers L.

Rocznik Antropologii Historii

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2016

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issue 9, Dziedzictwo kulturowe

229–250

XX

Whereas “war children”- broadly defined here as children affected by war - received a great deal of attention in Poland directly after 1945, they have been less of an issue in recent historical debates. This essay focuses on two groups of children that have hitherto been largely neglected in research as well as by the broader public: Polish war orphans and the children born out of Polish-German wartime sexual relations. While the lack of attention that war orphans have received is surprising, as the population losses in Poland were particularly high, the insufficient consideration of “children born of war” comes as less of a surprise. Until recently, sexual contacts between the German occupiers and Polish women were under researched and a taboo subject for the broader public. Against this background, Maren Röger and Lu Seegers present their research on those two groups of “war children”, mainly based on 22 oral-history-interviews. They analyze how the war-related fatherlessness of half-orphans and children born of German-Polish contacts has been experienced subjectively or interpreted in retrospect in different biographical stages of life. Similarities and differences can be worked out by considering them collectively: both groups of children grew up without their natural fathers, whose activities—for very different reasons—were kept secret in families. This silence had consequences for the children: while female war orphans in particular were extremely loyal to their mothers and geared their own lives to this relationship, “children born of war” were often denied any form of positive identification. For the majority of Poles, their parentage was unacceptable. Moreover, they also met with their mothers’ inner rejection, at least in part.

2

O zaangażowaniu Kierownictwa Badań nad Początkami Państwa Polskiego (1949–1953) w badania ratownicze na terenie Nowej Huty

72%

Szczerba A.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2022

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issue 1

149–156

EN

The Department for Studies on the Origins of the Polish State was an institution established in 1949 by the Ministry of Culture and Art to carry out interdisciplinary research (which began a year earlier) on the genesis and functioning of the state of the First Piasts, undertaken in connection with the 1000th anniversary of the foundation of the Polish state and its baptism (1966). Although the Department’s main goal was to identify the main centers of the early Piast state, it also had its merits in the field of monument protection – archaeologists, taking advantage of the unique situation of destruction and demolition, entered the historic downtowns and began their research. The scale of the necessary interventions was becoming embarrassing, especially since the so-called great buildings of socialism and the reconstruction of cities led to numerous discoveries. However, the most challenging situation was at the construction site of Nowa Huta, which was located for political reasons, without considering that the selected areas were covered with fertile soil used by the population since the Neolithic. This article aims to present the history of rescue excavations in the area of Nowa Huta (now a district of Krakow, established in the late 1940s), the first stage of which was carried out as part of the Department activities.

3

Powojenne paniki wojenne: Polska 1945–1980

72%

Zaremba M.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

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2019

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vol. 63

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issue 2

61-97

PL

The author defines “war panic” and analyzes specific manifestations of the phenomenon: the war panics that Poland experienced repeatedly after the Second World War. The author demonstrates that for Polish society the Second World War was the most traumatic event of the twentieth century, and that it left behind not only the human losses and a sea of ruins, but enormous deposits of fear. These ap- peared above all in flight behavior, the hoarding of shop goods, and the withdrawal of money from banks in order, for instance, to buy jewelry – every time the pattern was the same. The first war panic occurred already in 1945. Until the end of the 1960s, Poles were convinced that a third world war was just around the corner. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan also induced a panic. Poles were afraid of war, but war was also used to threaten them. During the Stalinist period, the threat was of American imperialism, and in the 1970s, of German “militarists” and “revanchists.” The Second World War did not entirely end in 1945. The author claims that we can speak of its long-term, post-war continuation.

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1 Kultura i Społeczeństwo

1 Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

1 Rocznik Antropologii Historii

1 Röger M.

1 Seegers L.

1 Szczerba A.

1 Zaremba M.

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1 2016

Ojcowie, których zabrakło. Doświadczenia i wspomnienia polskich sierot wojennych i polsko-niemieckich „Children Born of War”

O zaangażowaniu Kierownictwa Badań nad Początkami Państwa Polskiego (1949–1953) w badania ratownicze na terenie Nowej Huty

Powojenne paniki wojenne: Polska 1945–1980