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Od národozpytu k evropské etnologii

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Jančář J.

Národopisný věstník

2009

vol. 26_(68)

issue 1

9-17

To understand metamorphoses of the methods and research subject matters in Czech ethnography in the second half of the 20th century, it is necessary to search an answer to a question, whether there existed any continuity with the scientific discourse in the Euro-american scientific milieu. It was the pupils of Antonín Václavík in the 1960’s who endeavored to build such continuity, despite the restrictions imposed by the totalitarian regime, in the newly established review Ethnographical News (nowadays the Ethnographical review) and in the re-established Czechoslovak Ethnographical Bulletin in 1966-1972. In spite of all the problems, the Brno university department of ethnography survived purges from the end of the 1960’s and from the beginning of the 1970’s. Under the leaderhip of Richard Jeřábek, they gradually stabilized their activities within the framework of the comparative approach to European ethnology. Karel Fojtík, no matter how his works were products of their time, understood the general tendency of Czech ethnography, when he wrote that the professionally organized listing of material became a reliable base of the theoretical studies,whose necessity was lately emphasized by Chris Hann in the sociological review in 2007.

Národopisná věda a příbuzné obory. Symbióza a konflikty

63%

Válka M.

Národopisný věstník

2009

vol. 26_(68)

issue 1

18-29

Although each independent scientific discipline has its own subject matter, a worked out system and specific methods and methodology of research, it is impossible to avoid cooperation with other scientific disciplines. The interdisciplinary cooperation brings new findings and provides new stimulations, therefore it is beneficial to both cooperating disciplines. This paper summarizes the way how ethnology faces out the interdisciplinary cooperation. At the end of the 19th century, ethnology detached itself from the historical, philological and literary research as a specialized socio-scientific discipline due to its orientation on the culture of pre-industrial village, where the roots of national identity were searched for. during the interwar period, cooperation with geography was developed and resulted in the ethnographical atlases. Functional structuralism, which had been worked out in the field of linguistics and literary studies, asserted itself in the folklore research. After 1948, ethnography was declared as a historical discipline, pluralism of scientific methods disappeared and Soviet ethnography became a universal model. In the 1960’s, when the political conditions became rather released, sociology (as an empirical science) was rehabilitated. Ethnography, turning its attention to the problems of the modern society and urban milieu, began to solve the issue of the barrier between both disciplines. Along with the change of the political system, the year 1989 brought many social changes which influenced Czechoslovak ethnography. Its name was changed to ethnology/European ethnology, which was realized in the whole Central European region. Cooperation with the newly constituted sociocultural anthropology became a topical problem.

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2 Národopisný věstník

1 Jančář J.

1 Válka M.

2 2009

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Od národozpytu k evropské etnologii

Národopisná věda a příbuzné obory. Symbióza a konflikty