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1
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Tajne notatki z lat 1836-1837 Aleksandra Puszkina jako postmodernistyczna mistyfikacja

100%
Ojcewicz G.
Acta Polono-Ruthenica
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2008
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vol. Tom 1 Nr XIII
111-121
EN
The article is an attempt to demystify Secret Notes from 1836-1837, which were published by Mikhail Armalinski in the United States in 1986 as an authentic text by Aleksandr Pushkin. There are a number of argument in favour of the diaries having been fabricated and intellectual fraud committed, with the most important being: 1. Secret Notes from 1836-1837 are not on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum; 2. the hoax-author thinks in terms of a person educated in the 20th century, rather than in the 19th one; 3. descriptions of sexual behaviour bear resemblance to contemporary style of a pornographic production; 4. there is too much narrator’s distance from himself and depicted events in the analysed work; 5. the structure of Secret Notes ...shows classical creative behaviours, including the hoaxer’s attachment to definite leitmotifs.
2
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Fake news, puff, hoax i canard. Perspektywa historyka mediów

88%
Żyrek-Horodyska E.
Facta Ficta. Journal of Theory, Narrative & Media
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2019
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vol. 4
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issue 2
87-100
EN
The aim of this article is to discuss the idea of fictional texts, which were published in the printed press in XVIII and XIX century. The author presents the famous fake news, hoaxes, puffs, and canards and analyzes how these forms were perceived by the press commentators of that time (such as Richard Steele, Joseph Addison, Jonathan Swift, Edgar Allan Poe, Gerard de Nerval, Honore de Balzac, Bruno Kicinski). In the press of the Enlightenment era, which was dominated by essay writing, fictional articles were usually created for satirical purposes and they were used to highlight various human flaws. The development of mass press in the nineteenth century contributed to the fact that publications based on false news were used by journalists for a different purpose. These texts were primarily treated as a tool to gain the reader's attention in order to expand the group of regular subscribers. In the press of the first half of the XIX century, fictitious articles were associated with a romantic appreciation of the imagination. In the history of the media fake news, hoaxes, and canards also served as entertainment. They aroused curiosity, attracted the attention of readers, and they allowed journalists to fill empty columns of periodicals during a period of severe censorship. The research focuses on three countries: England, France and Poland. The comparative perspective shows the differences and similarities in the approach to the problem of fictional texts presented by writers and journalists creating their texts in different languages.
3
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Covid-19 Pandemic and Human Rights – Myth or Reality?

75%
Tvrdoň M., Akimjak A., Slobodova Novakova K., Biryukova Y. N.
Journal of Education Culture and Society
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2022
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vol. 13
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issue 2
221-230
EN
Aim. During the pandemic situation of Covid-19, various true or false information about the spread, treatment, prevention, and vaccination against Covid-19 began to spread in the media, as well as in the real world. It is necessary to fight against various hoaxes on the basis of modern and especially scientifically documented information. Method. This study addresses human rights and change in society before and during the Covid-19 pandemic situation. The authors of the study worked with specific texts and with the help of literary and textual analysis, as well as analytical and synthetic methods. Basic human rights and freedoms during the pandemic were pointed out, together with various myths which circulate among non-professional individuals Results. The results of the study confirm that the pandemic situation of Covid-19 requires constant explanation, exploration, and confirmation of professional and scientific studies by experts in the media as well as within the social life of people, just to reject various hypotheses of people who are not experts in the field and who disseminate false and scientifically and technically unsubstantiated information.
4
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„Jestem sobie chochlik – kogo mogę, zwodzę” – szkic do portretu Antoniego Edwarda Odyńca (na marginesie jego „Listów z podróży”)

63%
Kulesza M.
Facta Simonidis
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2023
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vol. 16
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issue 1
171-193
EN
This article summarises the most important research on the figure of Antoni Edward Odyniec conducted so far. Apart from discussing the most important biographical facts, the present sketch makes references to a number of important attitudes and research positions taken towards this man of letters both in the past and at present, including both those full of esteem and reverence and those mercilessly depreciating the nature of his actions and work. An important work illuminating the figure of the author himself are his “Letters from Travel”. Although, most often, these letters are treated as a source of more or less reliable information about Adam Mickiewicz, they tell us just as much about the author. In the re-evaluation of the current perception of both the existential and creative attitudes of Odyniec, a special role is played by references to the Biedermeier context, to which the final parts of the work are devoted. An important work, illuminating the figure of the author himself, will be his Letters from travel. Most often they were treated as a source of more or less reliable information about Adam Mickiewicz. However, the specificity of these epistolary utterances tells us just as much about the author. The reality that re-evaluates the current perception of both the existential and creative attitudes of Odyniec turns out to be the reference to the Biedermeier context, to which the final parts of the work will be devoted.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł ma charakter porządkujący dotychczasowe, najistotniejsze ustalenia badawcze na temat sylwetki Antoniego Edwarda Odyńca. W tworzeniu szkicu do jego portretu (oprócz głównych faktów biograficznych) dużą rolę będzie odgrywać przywoływanie różnorodnych, najważniejszych dawnych i współczesnych postaw oraz stanowisk badawczych, jakie wobec niego zajmowano, zarówno tych pełnych estymy oraz rewerencji, jak i deprecjonujących bezlitośnie charakter jego poczynań i twórczości. Istotnym dziełem doświetlającym postać samego autora będą tutaj jego Listy z podróży. Najczęściej traktowano je jako źródło mniej lub bardziej wiarygodnych informacji o Adamie Mickiewiczu. Jednakże specyfika owych epistolarnych wypowiedzi równie wiele mówi nam o autorze. Rzeczywistością przewartościowującą dotychczasowe postrzeganie zarówno postaw egzystencjalnych, jak i twórczych Odyńca, okazuje się zaś przywołanie kontekstu biedermeieru, czemu będą poświęcone końcowe partie pracy.
5

Media Coverage and Its Determinants in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic

63%
Gálik S., Gáliková Tolnaiová S.
Communication Today
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2022
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vol. 13
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issue 1
49-59
EN
This study covers the issue of information dissemination. Along with recognising this topic in the social epistemology framework, the authors aim to identify and analyse the circumstances and significant factors that determine it in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. They uncover certain risks in terms of achieving the very objectives of disseminating information via the media. In the first part, the authors outline the process’s essence and nature, but also its social value in the current pandemic situation. They make a particular reference to the role of journalism, or rather journalists in their specific professional and personal circumstances (broader and global communication ecology that concerns the pandemic with a direct news cycle, or social media and layman media practices and, for example, also the financing issues or insecurity of the profession, economic conditions, etc.). In the second part, they identify the determining factors influencing media coverage – its technological context – space and time, but also ethical and noetic factors related to journalists. They draw attention to relations and interactions that shape the specific character of media-disseminated information and bring risks (‘information explosion’ in society, including “(dis)infodemic”, the professional noetic crisis in connection with the crisis of relevant concepts in journalism and the quality of journalists’ work, but also the ethical crisis in the context of non-ethical interests and relations in the media (ideological, political, economic), journalists’ personal moral failures and their own neglect of epistemic (cognitive) training in the context of professional practice, etc.) for the public, concerning its aim to contribute to the reduction of social uncertainty, fear, risk of fear and panic, or to the correct and ethical judgement and action of the public at the time of the pandemic.
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