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Średniowieczne krążki ołowiane ze zbiorów Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy w świetle badań traseologicznych. Możliwości wykorzystania badań mikroskopowych do analiz funkcjonalnych zabytków metalowych

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Wielgus-Wawrzyniak B.

Studia Lednickie

2023

issue XXII

97-189

In the course of research conducted at early medieval sites, the so-called lead discs with holes were discovered. Determining the function of these objects poses many difficulties. Some recognize them as scales weights, others as weights. The microscopictraseological analyses of 20 lead discs and 2 clay spinners from the collection of the Museum of the First Piasts at Lednica, presented in this article, allowed us to identify a number of traces created during their use. Juxtaposing this information with other metric features in the analysed collection of discs, four functional categories were separated: spinners, weights, beads and holders.

W trakcie badań prowadzonych na stanowiskach wczesnośredniowiecznych odkrywane są tzw. krążki ołowiane z otworami. Określenie funkcji tych przedmiotów sprawia wiele trudności. Jedni uznają je za odważniki, inni za ciężarki. Zaprezentowane w artykule mikroskopowe analizy traseologiczne 20 krążków ołowianych i 2 przęślików glinianych pochodzących ze zbiorów Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy pozwoliły zidentyfikować szereg śladów powstałych w trakcie ich użytkowania. Zestawiając te informacje z innymi cechami metrycznymi w analizowanym zbiorze krążków wydzielono cztery kategorie funkcyjne: przęśliki, ciężarki, paciorki i oprawki.

Średniowieczne krążki ołowiane ze zbiorów Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy w świetle badań traseologicznych. Możliwości wykorzystania badań mikroskopowych do analiz funkcjonalnych zabytków metalowych

100%

Wielgus-Wawrzyniak B.

Studia Lednickie

2023

97-190

In the course of the Lednica “Together to Save Monuments” Project, which involves surface surveys with metal detectors, many small lead objects, whose function and chronology are difficult to determine, are being discovered. Of these, lead discs with holes stand out, which should be linked to early medieval settlement. So far in the literature, archaeological relics of this type are considered scales’ weights and other weights. New information on the use of lead discs has been provided by traseological studies. This method was established in the middle of the 20th century and developed on the basis of the search for traces of use mainly on fl int and stone tools. In the 21st century, archaeologists began to see the potential of this method for the study of other objects made of bone, clay, and metals, among others. In the present work, macroscopic analyses of 22 objects made of clay and lead were first performed, which included metric characteristics, correlation of hole diameter to object diameter, correlation of height to disc diameter, and weight characteristics. They allowed the preliminary separation of groups of objects with similar parameters and also the determination of potential functions of the studied objects. In the next stage of the work, microscopic analyses were performed, the results of which are presented in the catalogue. As a result of traseological studies, 4 functional groups were distinguished: spinners, weights, beads and others. Each group of discs was distinguished by the presence of different traces in different parts of the objects. In order to determine the material the discs with holes were made of, Dr. Michał Krueger conducted analyses of the chemical composition of the individual items with a handheld XRF spectrometer. As a result, it was indicated that two of them were made of pottery pulp. Thirteen of the discs contain mainly lead, while six were made of a lead-tin alloy. One requires further analysis to determine the metal from which it was made. The present discussion is only an attempt to use traseological studies to identify the function of 22 lead discs. The results obtainedd, however, indicate the great research potential of this type of analysis in determining the function of early medieval monuments.

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2 Studia Lednickie

2 Wielgus-Wawrzyniak B.

2 2023

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Średniowieczne krążki ołowiane ze zbiorów Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy w świetle badań traseologicznych. Możliwości wykorzystania badań mikroskopowych do analiz funkcjonalnych zabytków metalowych

Średniowieczne krążki ołowiane ze zbiorów Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy w świetle badań traseologicznych. Możliwości wykorzystania badań mikroskopowych do analiz funkcjonalnych zabytków metalowych