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Uwarunkowania funkcjonowania szpitali we współczesnej Europie ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zasobów kadrowych

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Dubas K., Domagała A.

Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie

2012

vol. 10

issue 3

143–153

The aim of the article is to present the scope of determinants influencing hospitals’ functioning in contemporary Europe with emphasize put on the health sector human recourses issue. Multiplicity of the functions realized by the hospitals units relates to the plurality of determinants which influence their present situation as well as long-term transformation processes. The determinants can be categorized into three main groups: these related to the demand side of the hospital services, their supply and determinants being the results of the social and economic changes. Regardless of the differences existing between health systems in specific countries – all European countries are facing similar problems of increasing health care costs, strong need of efficiency improvement and deficits of medical staff. In case of the hospital sector the key issue is number of beds reduction and transformation of the hospitals’ organizational form

Mr Hoefner, Mr Elser, Please Welcome to Poland. Some Comments on the Polish Healthcare System Reform from the Perspective of State Aid Law

80%

Grzejdziak Ł.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

2011

vol. 4(5)

85-109

The purpose of this paper is to verify the hypothesis that a debt write-off implemented recently by Polish authorities in favour of public hospitals constitutes State aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union. The paper contains a detailed description of the nature of the measure – its historical background, regulatory context, as well as its construction. It presents an in-depth analysis of the fulfilment by the measure of the conditions stipulated in Article 107(1) TFEU. As a preliminary issue, the analysis addresses the problem whether Polish public hospitals can be considered as undertakings within the meaning of EU competition law, particularly, as to their activity financed by the sickness fund organized under the principle of social solidarity. The answer to this question seems to be affirmative and in line with the landmark Hoefner and Elser judgments where the ECJ held that the way in which an entity is financed is irrelevant for its classification as an undertaking. The paper argues in favour of the thesis that the debt write-off must be considered as affecting trade between Member States and competition. Consequently, and contrary to the official position of the Polish government, the measure in question is classified as State aid.

Le but de cet article est de vérifier l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’amortissement total des dettes effectué récemment par les autorités polonaises en faveur des hôpitaux publiques constitue une aide publique au sens de l’Article 107(1) TFUE. L’article contient une description détaillée de la nature de cette mesure – son histoire, contexte législatif aussi que sa construction. Il présent une analyse profonde de l’accomplissement par cette mesure des conditions indiquées par l’Article 107(1) TFUE. Comme question préliminaire, l’analyse a pour objectif de vérifier si les hôpitaux publiques polonais peuvent être considérés comme entreprises au sens de la loi de concurrence de l’EU par rapport à son activité financée par le fonds de maladie organisé en accord avec le príncipe de la solidarité sociale.

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1 Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

1 Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie

1 Domagała A.

1 Dubas K.

1 Grzejdziak Ł.

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1 2011

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Uwarunkowania funkcjonowania szpitali we współczesnej Europie ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zasobów kadrowych

Mr Hoefner, Mr Elser, Please Welcome to Poland. Some Comments on the Polish Healthcare System Reform from the Perspective of State Aid Law