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EN
The study examines the revivalof the management science in Czechoslovakia after 1956 and its activities in the context of political reforms of the 1968. The second part of the article monitors changes of the theory of management since 1968, focusing on the introduction of social planning and its relation to corporate management. The theory of management is presented as an expert activity which was influencing then existing concepts and ideas of the organization of economic life, form the development of complex planning and management systems to efforts aimed at establishing the profession of a socialist manager. The author´s goal is to describe the scope of the expert activity referred to above and also to analyze its politicial functions in different stages of the development of state socialism. He claims the attempt to create a management science consistent with specific feature of socialist economy led to different concepts and perceptions of methods and objectives of economic management, including different concepts of socialist managership. The reform policy of the 1960s permitted a vast receptions of Western management science, development of an institutional base, and creation of an expert culture drawing from a number of different professional disciplines, from psychology to system engineering. The reform managrement science was promoting socialist entrepreneurship: the idea requiered economic decentralization and the creation of a system based on an interaction between the plan and the market. The "consolidated" management science of the 1970s responded to a departure from the market socialism and a return to a central planning system by producing a different concept of socialist managership. The manager´s mission was to ensure a level of economic and organizational efficiency comparable to that of a capitalist enterprise and, at the same time, implement socio-political strategies of the socialist regime through social planning.
CS
a2_Reformní politika šedesátých let umožnila rozsáhlou recepci západní manažerské vědy, vybudování institucionální základny a vytvoření expertní kultury, která čerpala ze značně rozdílných odborných perspektiv od psychologie po systémové inženýrství. Reformní manažerská věda propagovala socialistické podnikatelství, jehož uskutečnění vyžadovalo decentralizaci hospodářství a vytvoření ekonomického systému založeného na interakci mezi plánem a trhem. „Konsolidovaná“ manažerská věda sedmdesátých let pak reagovala na odklon od tržního socialismu a návrat k centrálnímu plánování vytvořením odlišného pojetí socialistického manažerství. Úkolem manažera bylo zabezpečit hospodářskou a organizační efektivitu srovnatelnou s výkonem kapitalistické firmy a současně naplňovat sociálně-politické strategie socialistického režimu prostřednictvím sociálního plánování.
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