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Człowiek w filozofii Jana Patočki i Józefa Tischnera

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Drwięga M.

Folia Philosophica

2014

vol. 32

The paper aims at comparing the two thinkers, the lives and works of which took place in troubled by totalitarianisms 20th century. Apart from the historical kinship of the biographies there is also a group of issues in which they share some interest. Part of it is related to their affiliation to phenomenological movement. Jan Patočka, former student of Husserl and Heidegger, has developed an original concept of phenomenology, firstly as a science concerning human life taken as a existential movement, including then also some questions concerning first philosophy as a project of a subjective phenomenology. In turn, Józef Tischner, a student of R. Ingarden, in his rich output starting with his dissertation concerning transcendental ego in Husserl, through analyses of axiological consciousness, the problem of values and some issues concerning existence gets to some fundamental problems of ethics and philosophical anthropology. Just as Patočka, Tischner also was active in political life taking part in some important public debates. Central to the paper is the issue of philosophy of man. In the case of Patočka I reveal the relation between man, freedom and history which is best expressed in his late works, the ones from 1970s. They show the way of conceiving man as historical creature and rise of history is accompanied by discovery of philosophy, politics and freedom. Becoming a historical creature, man enters the realm of “controversiality.” In Tischner, on the other hand, the movement of autonomous reflection on man, including its temporal and historical aspects, goes from reflection on axiology to the late period of his intellectual activity when it is placed in the context of his philosophy of drama. Here, the key to grasp who is man is the I-you relation and agatology. Both thinkers see the fragility, even drama of human existence, which they face, and they defend human freedom in the era of ideologies and technology.

Crise économique et drame humain dans "Article 353 du code pénal" de Tanguy Viel

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Maziarczyk A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica

2022

vol. 17

issue 1

207-217

The article focuses on the methods of literary engagement with the crisis in Article 353 du code pénal, the most realistic novel by Tanguy Viel. Drawing on selected theories of the crisis, it analyses the way in which the author speaks of the human drama engendered by the economic recession and the pathological phenomena linked to it. It also highlights the didactic dimension of the text, which consists in denouncing of the strategies of financial scams, based on a perfect knowledge of the psychological mechanisms that are activated in an individual in critical situations. The aim of the article is to demonstrate that in Article 353 du code pénal Viel seeks to shed light on the fact that the existential crisis triggered by loss or abuse of trust suffered in life and the feeling of powerlessness in the face of destiny is an even more difficult ordeal, overwhelming and devastating if it strikes a vulnerable individual who lacks the psychological strength to recover.

L’article porte sur les modalités d’investissement littéraire de la crise dans Article 353 du code pénal, le plus réaliste des romans de Tanguy Viel. En nous appuyant sur des théories de la crise, nous étudions la manière dont l’auteur parle du drame humain engendré par la récession économique et des phénomènes pathologiques qui y sont liés. Nous faisons aussi ressortir la dimension didactique du texte qui consiste à dénoncer les arnaques financières, appuyées sur une parfaite connaissance des mécanismes psychiques qui s’activent chez l’individu dans des situations critiques. Notre but est de démontrer que, par Article 353 du code pénal, Viel cherche à éclairer sur le fait que la crise existentielle déclenchée par des pertes ou des abus de confiance subis dans la vie et le sentiment d’impuissance face au destin est une épreuve encore plus accablante et dévastatrice si elle atteint un individu vulnérable qui manque de force psychique pour s’en relever.

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1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica

1 Folia Philosophica

1 Drwięga M.

1 Maziarczyk A.

1 2022

1 2014

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Człowiek w filozofii Jana Patočki i Józefa Tischnera

Crise économique et drame humain dans "Article 353 du code pénal" de Tanguy Viel