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PL
Within the context of multi-cultural and multi-religious society, embedded in the process of globalization, a traditional understanding of humanism offers insufficient frameworks for an adequate comprehension of human flourishing and human search for meaning. In addition, modernity frames and evaluates in many aspects insufficiently the incomparable worth of the human person.This article offers some guidelines for further philosophical, theological and pedagogical reflection on a humanism that is more suitable for our life in the process of globalization and modernity. Such humanism continually moves us toward a better comprehension of what “human” means within a universe of divergent cultures, religions, traditions, and races. This humanism is called universal humanism, based on the Greek word kaqolou , comprising both universality and wholeness. The first part of this article analyzes some of the main characteristics of humanism in the Greek and Roman contexts, which provide historical and theoretical frameworks for universal humanism. The second part justifies the relevance and usefulness of such humanism: it helps us to transcend singular cultures, nations, political systems, religions, and, by default, to discover or explore anew the meaning of the human person on a global level. The last part of this article suggests some pedagogical attitudes that will help us to embrace and remain in a dialogical relationship with all of humanity, in order to enrich our comprehension of the incomparable worth of the human person, this time from a universal perspective.
EN
Within the context of multi-cultural and multi-religious society, embedded in the process of globalization, a traditional understanding of humanism offers insufficient frameworks for an adequate comprehension of human flourishing and human search for meaning. In addition, modernity frames and evaluates in many aspects insufficiently the incomparable worth of the human person.This article offers some guidelines for further philosophical, theological and pedagogical reflection on a humanism that is more suitable for our life in the process of globalization and modernity. Such humanism continually moves us toward a better comprehension of what “human” means within a universe of divergent cultures, religions, traditions, and races. This humanism is called universal humanism, based on the Greek word kaqolou , comprising both universality and wholeness. The first part of this article analyzes some of the main characteristics of humanism in the Greek and Roman contexts, which provide historical and theoretical frameworks for universal humanism. The second part justifies the relevance and usefulness of such humanism: it helps us to transcend singular cultures, nations, political systems, religions, and, by default, to discover or explore anew the meaning of the human person on a global level. The last part of this article suggests some pedagogical attitudes that will help us to embrace and remain in a dialogical relationship with all of humanity, in order to enrich our comprehension of the incomparable worth of the human person, this time from a universal perspective.
PL
Istnieje wiele perspektyw, zgodnie z którymi możemy badać media. Niniejszy artykuł analizuje je, mając na uwadze katolicką naukę społeczną i podkreśla, że technologie informatyczno-komunikacyjne stanowią narzędzia dla rozwoju człowieka i że nie są celami samymi w sobie. Ponadto stwierdza, że katolicka nauka społeczna nie określa, jakie instrumenty powinny być używane na rzecz rozwoju społecznego, lecz raczej skupia się na obserwacji kultury wytwarzanej podczas korzystania z technologii informatyczno-komunikacyjnych. Kultura ta powinna szanować osobistą wolność i odpowiedzialność każdej osoby społecznie aktywnej. Podczas gdy wiele publikacji często dotyczy literatury opisowej, w obecnej pracy skupiamy się na autorach analizujących koncepcyjną moc przemian społecznych wynikających z posługiwania się technologiami informatycznymi. Ta grupa autorów zazwyczaj odnosi się do trzech obszarów badawczych: ekonomii, polityki i technologii. Po przeanalizowaniu społecznego wpływu technologii informatyczno-komunikacyjnych w tych dziedzinach proponujemy wnioski końcowe. Wniosek dotyczący zadań, które powinny spełniać technologie informatyczno-komunikacyjne z punktu widzenia katolickiej nauki społecznej, to podkreślenie faktu, że ludzka motywacja pojawia się przed rozwojem technicznym i że praca ludzka stanowi najlepsze makro podejście dla rozwoju ludzkości.
EN
There are many perspectives from which we can study the media. This paper does so with an eye on Catholic Social Teaching (CST) reflections, stressing that information and communication technologies (ICTs) are instruments for human flourishing, not goals in themselves. Moreover, we assert that CST’s scope is not to indicate which instruments people should use for social development, but rather to observe the culture we create when using ICTs; a culture that should respect the personal freedom and responsibility of each individual acting in society. While a vast number of published works often regard descriptive literature, we here focus mostly on authors looking at the conceptual power of social changes when making use of ICTs. The last group of authors usually refer to three fields of studies: economy, politics and technology. After considering their descriptions of ICT’s social impact in these fields, and striving to understand not only the instruments but also the theories behind them, we offer a final proposal. A proposal that regards the task that CST could have when studying ICTs: to stress that human motivations appear before technological developments, and that human work is the best macro approach for developing humanity.
EN
The text presents thoughts of American philosopher of education Daniel R. DeNicola on liberal education contained in his book under the title „Learning to Flourishing. A Philosophical Exploration of Liberal Education”, published in 2012. He describes education realised in American Liberal Arts Colleges. Analysing paradigms in which liberal education developed and created its long and differentiated tradition, starting from the transmission of culture up to the skills of learning, DeNicola argues that none of them lost their validity. Building the thin (not thick) normative theory of liberal education aimed at the flourishing life, he states that we can still recall them all and rebuild the sense of that education. Its axiological distinctive features are freedom, autonomy, democracy and truth. DeNicola’s proposition is worth of discussing in Polish pedagogy where the prevalent equivalent of liberal education is general education. The main aims of the text are to strengthen the philosophical argument in favour of understanding general education more linked to liberal education because of its liberal elements, consequently to renew the sense of education as whole and finally to strengthen didactics philosophically.
EN
Author focuses on Nussbaum’s theory of human development and especially her capabilities approach (CA). The approach includes the basic human capabilities establishing fundamentals of the human development. The core values of the CA are human dignity and freedom, however, a very important part of the approach are also our relations to animals, plants, and nature. According to Nussbaum, it is necessary to keep in mind that dignity does not concern only human beings, but also animals. For this reason, she argues for plurality of forms of life as well as plurality of dignities. Nussbaum affirms that we have a duty to establish possibilities for positive development of any rational animals including non-human animals.
PL
Autorka skupia się na teorii rozwoju człowieka Marty Nussbaum, a zwłaszcza na podejściu do zdolności (PZ). Podejście to obejmuje podstawowe zdolności ludzkie, ustanawiające podstawy rozwoju człowieka. Podstawowymi wartościami PZ są godność człowieka i wolność, jednak bardzo ważną częścią tego podejścia są również nasze relacje ze zwierzętami, roślinami i przyrodą. Według Nussbaum należy pamiętać, że godność dotyczy nie tylko ludzi, ale także zwierząt. Z tego powodu opowiada się ona za mnogością form życia, jak również wielością godności. Nussbaum potwierdza, że mamy obowiązek stworzyć możliwości pozytywnego rozwoju wszelkich racjonalnych zwierząt, w tym zwierząt innych niż ludzie.
RU
Автор сосредотачивается на теории человеческого развития Марты Нуссбаум и особенно его подходе к возможностям (ПВ). Подход включает в себя основные человеческие возможности, устанавливающие основы человеческого развития. Основными ценностями ПВ являются человеческое достоинство и свобода, однако очень важной частью подхода являются также наши отношения с животными, растениями и природой. По словам Нуссбаума, необходимо помнить, что достоинство касается не только людей, но и животных. По этой причине она выступает за множественность форм жизни, а также за множественность достоинств. Нуссбаум подтверждает, что мы обязаны создать возможности для позитивного развития любых рациональных животных, в том числе животных, не являющихся людьми.
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