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Utracona obecność. Doświadczenie żałoby po śmierci zwierzęcia towarzyszącego

100%
Roeske M.
Etnografia. Praktyki, Teorie, Doświadczenia
|
2022
|
issue 8
171-193
EN
Dying is one of the basic existential experiences which, at the most fundamental level, both connects and separates humans from the rest of animate nature. What they have in common is the biological dimension, while divisions occur at the cultural level. Within Western culture, based on the Christian religion, the death of an animal, seen as a soul-less being, is deprived of the sacred dimension and perceived as a biological act of cessation of all vital functions. This belief is contrasted with the perspective of companion animal caretakers, for whom the individual experience of going through the process of dying and the death of their pet can be a traumatic experience, comparable to the experience of the death of a human loved one. In this article, I consider the following: caretakers’ reactions to the loss, the specificity of the bond that affects grief, analogies between mourning after the death of a human and a pet, the role of ritual in the mourning process, strategies and ways of reorganizing the relationship with the deceased pet, and social attitudes faced by the caretakers in response to their grief, with particular emphasis on the phenomenon of disenfranchised grief. The text is based on ethnographic qualitative research focused on the caretakers’ experiences related to the disease and death of companion animals.
2
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WHAT IS AN ANIMAL: LEARNING FROM THE PAST – LOOKING TO THE FUTURE

86%
WERZANSKY-ORLAND Y.
Society Register
|
2019
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vol. 3
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issue 3
19-37
EN
Can western human society apply its definition of the term “animal” on itself? Is it possible that a “person” is not only human? In this article, I explore and analyze various and interdisciplinary doctrines and approaches towards nonhuman animals in order to question the current status-quo regarding nonhuman animals. Throughout history, as Man developed self-awareness and the ability to empathize with others, hunters were associated with wolves and began to domesticate them and other animals. With the introduction of different religions and beliefs into human society, Man was given the lead in the food chain, and the status of the nonhuman animals became objectified and subject of the property of human animals. Common modern taxonomy identified and described approximately 1.9 million different species. Some estimate the total number of species on earth in 8.7 million. The Human is just one of 5,416 other species in the Mammal class and shares a place of honour among hundreds of other Primates and Great Apes. It appears to be commonly and scientifically accepted that humans are animals. Humans, as other nonhuman animals, all meet the definitions of the term. However, it seems that there is a wide gap between the human-generated definitions (HGDs) and the human social practice that created a distinct line between humans and “animals”. This alienation is best illustrated by the commonly mistaken equivalence between the terms “human” and “person”, as at least some nonhuman animals answer to many other HGDs. In this article I try to show that a rational and logical interpretation of these definitions’ nonhuman animals (at least some), should be regarded as persons and to suggest an approach to implement in the future.
3
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Nazwy zwierząt w słownictwie dziecięcym. Badania frekwencyjne

81%
Zagórska K.
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
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2021
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issue 21
19-34
EN
The article aims to present the children’s vocabulary in terms of the presence of animal topics. The author characterizes given issues on the basis of linguistic statistics research (volumes: H. Zgółkowa, K. Bułczyńska, Vocabulary of kindergarten children, Poznań 1987; H. Zgółkowa, Vocabulary of kindergarten children 2010–2015, Poznań 2016).The material used in two dictionaries was collected in the years1980–1983 and 2010–2015. The frequency and range lists were analysed. In the examples described, animal names appear in language of the youngest speakers of Polish (2–7 years old). Animal topics may play a supportive role in linguistic, glottodidactic and natural education.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia nazwy zwierząt obecne w słownictwie dziecięcym. Autorka charakteryzuje wskazane zagadnienia na podstawie badań z zakresu statystyki językowej (H. Zgółkowa, K. Bułczyńska, Słownictwo dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym, Poznań 1987; H. Zgółkowa Słownictwo dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym w latach 2010-2015, Poznań 2016). Materiał zawarty w słownikach gromadzono w latach 1980-1983 oraz 2010-2015. Analizie poddano listy frekwencyjne i rangowe. Opisane zostały nazwy zwierząt pojawiające się w języku najmłodszych użytkowników polszczyzny (2-7 lat). Tematyka animalna może wspierać kształcenie językowe oraz inne formy edukacji, glottodydaktycznej i przyrodniczej.
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