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Nieoczywiste relacje z technologią. Przegląd badań na temat ludzkich postaw wobec robotów

100%
Wasielewska A., Łupkowski P.
Człowiek i Społeczeństwo
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2021
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vol. 51
165-187
EN
This paper presents an overview of empirical studies concerning human attitudes towards robots. We start with explaining what attitudes towards robots are. It is followed by the overview of the aforementioned studies which is organized according to the factors related to the attitudes. These are human-related factors (sex, age, education, nationality, culture, belief in human nature uniqueness, religiousness), robot-related ones (external look, its purpose) and factors which arise from the human-robot interaction (earlier experiences with robots, interactions, designing robots).
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Expectations towards the Morality of Robots: An Overview of Empirical Studies

88%
Wasielewska A.
Ethics in Progress
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2021
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vol. 12
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issue 1
134-151
EN
The main objective of this paper is to discuss people’s expectations towards social robots’ moral attitudes. Conclusions are based on the results of three selected empirical studies which used stories of robots (and humans) acting in hypothetical scenarios to assess the moral acceptance of their attitudes. The analysis indicates both the differences and similarities in expectations towards the robot and human attitudes. Decisions to remove someone’s autonomy are less acceptable from robots than from humans. In certain circumstances, the protection of a human’s life is considered more morally right than the protection of the robot’s being. Robots are also more strongly expected to make utilitarian choices than human agents. However, there are situations in which people make consequentialist moral judgements when evaluating both the human and the robot decisions. Both robots and humans receive a similar overall amount of blame. Furthermore, it can be concluded that robots should protect their existence and obey people, but in some situations, they should be able to hurt a human being. Differences in results can be partially explained by the character of experimental tasks. The present findings might be of considerable use in implementing morality into robots and also in the legal evaluation of their behaviours and attitudes.
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The Cooperative Board Game THREE. A Test Field for Experimenting with Moral Dilemmas of Human-Robot Interaction

63%
Łupkowski P., Wasielewska A.
Ethics in Progress
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2019
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vol. 10
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issue 2
82-97
EN
The paper describes the cooperative board game entitled THREE. The game is inspired by the Three Laws of Robotics. We show how this game may be used as an environment for exploring the ethical problems arising from human-robot interaction. We present the idea behind the game, discuss its cooperativeness and analyze the dilemmas encountered by players during the gameplay. We also present and discuss the results of the game evaluation.
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