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Outcomes of Aswan: Archaeology and The Geopolitics of Dams

100%
Bitar N., Leblanc T.
Prague Papers on the History of International Relations
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2020
|
issue 2
43-61
EN
Answering a call for help from the Governments of Arab Republic of Egypt and Democratic Republic of Sudan, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) lead the International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia (1959–1968). Involving more than 100 countries, the campaign consisted in a wide range of archaeological missions along with financial aid aiming to preserve and safeguard the cultural heritage threatened by the construction of the Aswan High Dam, built on the Nile River throughout the 1960s. The location chosen for the hydropower plant’s reservoir intersected the heartland of an extensive heritage belonging to both Nubian and Egyptian millenary civilizations implying the flood of several archeological sites and monuments of undeniable cultural and historical significance. This last chance to save the relics mobilized several scholars and countries that today exhibit their findings in their most prestigious museums. Entire monuments were dismantled and placed away from the inundations but still in the region, while others were moved to other countries as counterpart gifts on behalf of the Egyptian government. Under one specific angle, this article contests the well-established account that the international campaign was a success. The Nubian Campaign ends up normalizing a quite modern social phenomenon: to dam major rivers in name of national development. We then raise several aspects crossing the disciplines of archeology history and geopolitics as an exercise of counterweight to the official reports.
2
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Chiny w hydropolityce regionu rzeki Mekong

100%
Zaręba M.
Historia i Polityka
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2017
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issue 19(26)
61-77
EN
The Mekong is a transboundary river chich runs through China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Its basin, where more than 70 mln people live, creates the lar gest inland fishery and comprises a main skurce of fresh water, also used in agriculture. But the most tempting is its hydropower potential which has been developed especially by China. The growing number of hydropower plants In the upper stretch poses a real threat for Lower Mekong basin countries. This article examines the role of China in the Mekong region and analyzes relations over the water resources between the Middle Kingdom and other riparian states. Paper indicates the main purposes of China’s hydropolitics of the Mekong river basin, its hydropolitical strategy towards this region and gives an answer whether China wants to cooperate or develop its hydropower potential regardless of consequences for Indochinese states and possible conflicts.
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Hydropolityka w regionie dolnego biegu rzeki Mekong. Owocna współpraca czy kruchy sojusz państw indochińskich?

75%
Zaręba M.
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
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2017
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vol. 55
206-224
EN
The Mekong River which runs through China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam creates basin where more than 70 million people live. Situation in this region has great influence on agriculture and fishery, particularly in the last four aforementioned countries. Therefore those states has been cooperating with each other over the water resources since the 1950s. Nowadays, attention is focused on hydroenergy. Despite the fact that growing number of hydropower plants poses a threat for the environment, the Lower Mekong Basin countries, like Laos and Cambodia, are planning to exploit their hydropower potential. The main purpose of this article is to analyze hydropolitical relations between the LMB states, especially in the face of new challenges like functioning of hydroelectric power stations in China and development of water energy potential of the Indochinese Peninsula. Paper gives an answer whether factors listed above foster cooperation among the LMB states or create potential sources of conflicts between those countries.
PL
Rzeka Mekong, przepływająca przez Chiny, Birmę/Mjanmę, Laos, Tajlandię, Kambodżę oraz Wietnam, tworzy dorzecze, od którego zależy byt ponad 70 mln ludzi. Sytuacja w regionie ma szczególne znaczenie dla rybołówstwa i rolnictwa w ostatnich czterech z grupy wymienionych powyżej państw. Z tego też względu już od lat 50. XX wieku wspomniane kraje indochińskie współpracują wokół zasobów Mekongu, tworząc regionalne organizacje integracyjne. W ostatnich latach największą uwagę w dorzeczu przykuwa hydroenergetyka. Mimo zagrożeń, jakie niesie za sobą budowa dużych i licznych elektrowni wodnych, państwa Półwyspu Indochińskiego, w szczególności Laos i Kambodża, planują rozwój swojego potencjału. Celem artykułu jest analiza relacji hydropolitycznych w dolnym biegu rzeki Mekong, zwłaszcza w perspektywie nowych wyzwań takich jak budowa potężnych obiektów w chińskiej części dorzecza i plany hydroenergetycznej ekspansji w Indochinach. Praca daje odpowiedź na pytanie, czy wskazane powyżej czynniki sprzyjają współpracy, czy też generują coraz więcej konfliktów pomiędzy Laosem, Tajlandią, Wietnamem i Kambodżą.
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