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ELPIS
|
2013
|
vol. 15
57-61
EN
The role of the liturgical text is far more complex than we think. It’s not only an inspiration for our petitions or thanksgiving, but also source of knowledge and spiritual education. Subject of this paper is to show characteristic of St Cyril and Methodius on the basis of the liturgical texts. In the minds of the faithful, their mission and activities are consistent and comprehensive, but liturgical texts devoted to the Holy Brothers show two ways how they followed in order to achieve their main goal – to spread Christianity and lead catechetical mission. St Cyril and Methodius had realized their mission on different paths, focusing on different priorities. The activity of St Methodius can be defined as the ascetic way, a sensitization to the spiritual richness of Orthodoxy. Referring to the liturgical texts the mission of St Cyril can be characterized as an educational, polemical and apologetic activity. Compliance of the liturgical texts with the life of St Cyril and Methodius and preservation of the historical resources, allows us to treat them as a valuable source of knowledge. This confirms the assertions about the nature the liturgical texts, which are an inherent aspect of the Holy Tradition of the Orthodox Church.
EN
Srbljak is a collection of hymns and services dedicated to Serbian saints of the Orthodox Church. In particular regard to the texts of the services of the Serbian saint women: Angelina (30 VII), Anastasia Nemanic (22 VI), Eughenia – Euphrosinia (tsarina Militsa; 19 VII) and Zlata of Meghlen (13 X) one can observe the changes of the norms applied to the liturgical language in Serbia. The service of St Angelina, written around 1520 or 1530, was included in the Rakovatch manuscript of Srbljak (1714) edited in the Serbian version of Church Slavonic. The same book printed in 1761 in Rimnik contained already the texts in the Russian version of Church Slavonic as did also the Belgrade edition of the Srbljak edited in 1861. It was only in 1986 that the Holy Synod of the Serbian Orthodox Church printed Srbljak in Serbian Slavonic, allowing the introduction of seven services in modern Serbian (including four services translated from Romanian). The last edition of Srbljak shows general tendencies in contemporary Serbia to use more and more often the modern Serbian as the liturgical language.
PL
Powszechnie jest wiadome, że fundamentalne dzieło Andrzeja z Krety, napi­sane prawdopodobnie na początku VIII wieku, jest penitencjałem wskazującym na nieustającą potrzebę ludzką do skruchy. Oprócz systematycznego wykładu Pis­ma Świętego i typów tego wyjaśniania (negatywny i pozytywny), Wielki Kanon wzywa też do głębokiej medytacji na temat życia i jego krótkotrwałości. Nawet sam autor bizantyński świadczy o tym fakcie, mówiąc: „Od czego zacząć mam opłakiwanie czynów nędznego życia mego? Jakiż początek skargi żałosnej dzisiaj uczynię, o Chryste? O miłosierny, udziel win moich odpuszczenia!” (Oda 1, 2). Czy możemy jednak mówić o obecności w tekście Wielkiego Kanonu polemicz­nych akcentów przeciw herezjom? Czy możemy znaleźć fragmenty przedstawia­jące poglądy teologiczne sprzeciwiające się różnym herezjom powstałym w Koś­ciele w ciągu ośmiu wieków? Jeśli tak, to które z nich i jakie herezje zwalczają? Niniejsze opracowanie próbuje przedstawić to zagadnienie.
EN
It is known that the fundamental work of Andrew of Crete, probably written in the early of the eighth century, is penitential one, indicating continuing human need for repentance. Beyond a systematic exposition of Holy Scripture and its models (negative and positive), the Great Canon calls for deep meditation about life and its transience. Even the Byzantine author herself testifies this fact, saying: “Where shall I begin to lament the deeds of my wretched life? How shall I begin, O Christ, to relieve my present tears? But as Thou art deeply compassionate, grant me forgiveness of sins” (Ode 1, 1). But can we speak in the text of the Great Canon about polemical intentions against heresies? Can we find passages to de­velop the theological opinion against various heresies arisen within the Church over the eight centuries? If so, which ones and what heresy combat? This essay is at stake we want to present it.
EN
Holy Week, inseparable from the mystery of Christ’s Resurrection, is the center of the liturgical year. Each of the following days has its own specific meaning and extensive hymnographic material. The graphic representation is also connected with the content of liturgical rites. This article discusses the meaning of iconographic representations that are dynamically present at services – by carrying them from the presbitery to the middle of the church or carrying them around the temple in a procession (the icon of Christ the Bridegroom on Holy Monday, the icon of Christ crucified on Good Friday, the Epitaphios with a representation of Christ lying in the tomb on Good Friday and Holy Saturday). The text also discusses the relationship between the aforementioned icons and liturgical texts sung during the services.
EN
The present paper discusses the presentation of holy children-martyrs in the Orthodox hymnography. Eight leading themes that appear in liturgical texts are presented. Four of them are common to the motifs used in the rite of a child’s funeral, and four others are reserved only for canonized children. The most attention was paid to the issue of childhood innocence and parents’ reaction to premature death (from sadness, through joy of the child’s salvation, to encouraging a child to suffer martyrdom for Christ). The presented examples come from the texts of services and Akathists in honor of selected holy children – mainly St. Gabriel of Zabłudów, St. Cyric and Julitta, St. Artemius of Verkola.
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